拉什科尔尼科夫的问题心理解读——重读陀斯妥耶夫斯基的长篇小说《罪与罚》

陀斯妥耶夫斯基笔下的处于复杂矛盾和冲突中的＂问题人物＂存在的＂问题心理＂表现在拉什科尔尼科夫身上,突出为两个方面,即,＂惟我意识＂和＂犯罪心理＂。＂惟我意识＂源自俄罗斯文化的一个重要特点,就是其浓重的宗教因素。《罪与罚》从一开始就一直暗示我们主人公存在着＂杀人抢劫＂的犯罪意识,这是陀斯妥耶夫斯基对人性中恶的原始存在的肯定。作者把人心中最深层、最隐秘、最复杂的活动全都揭示出来,使作品及人物形象呈现出一种非凡的艺术魅力。     

青少年犯罪的特征和对策浅析

青少年由于其生理发育迅速,心理变化明显,出现种种不平衡与矛盾的心理,这样就常使有的青少年出现情绪变化无常,难以琢磨的情况,常常走向犯罪的道路。青少年犯罪有偶发性、纠合性、凶狠性、隐蔽性、反复性、腐蚀性、和可塑性的特点。对于青少年犯罪我们要以预防为主,主要通过加强思想教育,培养他们高尚的道德情感,加强对他们的法制教育,发挥家庭对他们的初级教育作用来遏止青少年犯罪。对青少年犯罪要进行综合治理,建立严密的社会保护网络。     

青少年犯罪适用“宽严相济”政策之我见

本文通过对青少年犯罪适用宽严相济政策概念的界定和法理依据的研究,并通过对青少年犯罪实践办理过程中的经验总结,对该政策的执行提出了自己的想法,期望引起大家对青少年犯罪使用宽严相济政策的重视和深入研究。     

Strategic technology alliance termination: An empirical investigation

There is growing consensus that overall alliance termination rates are high. However, despite this track record of termination and despite unsurpassed growth rates of strategic technology alliances, little is known about the reasons for their termination. Typically strategic alliances have been characterized as inherently instable, i.e. often involving unplanned and premature termination of the alliance by partnering firms indicating alliance failure. The literature on strategic technology alliances, however, proposes that alliance termination does not always indicate failure, but can be intended and can be a sign of strength. We examine these different perceptions by using a sample of 48 strategic technology alliances in different high-technology industries. The findings in the paper confirm that the rates of termination are rather high for strategic technology alliances. Overall, we found that in particular negative prospects about future cooperation, negative perceptions about joint benefits and the lack of a win-win situation had an impact on the decision to terminate a strategic technology alliance. Also, the fact that some companies opt only for short-term (not for long-term and renewed) cooperation seems to introduce a negative factor into the longevity of strategic technology alliances.     

社会工作的优势理论——预防留守儿童犯罪问题的新视角

随着改革开放和市场经济的发展,农村剩余劳动力的不断转移,农村留守儿童规模越来越大,农村留守儿童犯罪呈上升趋势。本文在总结农村留守儿童犯罪现状及原因的基础上,引入社会工作的优势理论这一新视角,并运用优势视角对农村留守儿童犯罪问题进行解析,希望通过挖掘和发挥农村留守儿童自身及其周围环境的资源和优势,预防和控制农村留守儿童犯罪,让这一特殊群体可以健康成长。     

国外毒品相关犯罪防控的社会政策及评价

毒品引发的犯罪问题已经引起国际社会广泛关注,各国出台了各种措施防控毒品引发的犯罪,基本形成了一套普遍性和针对性相结合的社会政策体系。本文总结区分3个层次:针对社会整体状况及一般公民的普遍性预防政策、针对极有可能成为毒品相关犯罪的受害者或犯罪者的特定防控政策以及针对参与过毒品相关犯罪人群的专项防控政策;并以此为线索系统梳理评价政策实施效果的相关理论和实证研究成果,为我国制定相关政策提供相关启示和借鉴。     

Extrapolative simulation of neighborhood networks based on population spatial distribution: Do they predict crime?

Objectives

Previous criminological scholarship has posited that network ties among neighborhood residents may impact crime rates, but has done little to consider the specific ways in which network structure may enhance or inhibit criminal activity. A lack of data on social ties has arguably led to this state of affairs. We propose to avoid this limitation by demonstrating a novel approach of extrapolatively simulating network ties and constructing structural network measures to assess their effect on neighborhood crime rates.

Methods

We first spatially locate the households of a city into their constituent blocks. Then, we employ spatial interaction functions based on prior empirical work and simulate a network of social ties among these residents. From this simulated network, we compute network statistics that more appropriately capture the notions of cohesion and information diffusion that underlie theories of networks and crime.

Results

We show that these network statistics are robust predictors of the levels of crime in five separate cities (above standard controls) at the very micro geographic level of blocks and block groups.

Conclusions

We conclude by considering extensions of the approach that account for homophily in the formation of network ties.     

Gender,Nation, Rape: Bosnia and the Construction of Security

The mass rapes in Bosnia brought gendered security problems onto the international agenda to an unprecedented extent. This article examines the debate surrounding whether these rapes should be characterized as a security problem which warranted international attention and possibly intervention. This debate evolved around the question whether wartime rape should be understood as an individual risk or a collective security problem;and whether it should be defined in national or in gendered terms. The empirical part of the article analyses the three dominant representations of the Bosnian mass rapes: 'rape as normal/Balkan warfare' argued that rape did not constitute a collective security problem and the international community had therefore no reason or responsibility to intervene; the "rape as exceptional/Serbian warfare" representation read the rapes through national lenses and argued that the international community should intervene militarily in defence of the Bosnian government; and the third representation, "Balkan patriarchy", claimed the privileged of a gendered reading of the rapes, the conflict in Bosnian should, according to this discourse, be understood as involving women on the one side and the patriarchal nationalistic leaderships on the other. The article concludes that the political impact of each of the representations is difficult to assess, but that the willingness of the International Crime Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia to pursue rape-related indictments constitutes an important step towards the recognition of wartime rape as a collective security problem.     

废除“嫖宿幼女罪”的研究综述

2008年至2012年在十一届全国人大和全国政协两会期间,多名代表先后提出废除嫖宿幼女罪的议案及提案,引起了社会的强烈反响,之后,该问题遂成为公众议论与关注的焦点,学术界也对之展开了热烈的探讨。为了推进对这一问题的深入研究,很有必要回顾嫖宿幼女罪出台的法律依据和历史背景,考察和分析嫖宿幼女罪的文献和课题研究及网上争论,以及嫖宿幼女罪在法律上存在的弊端,以促进法律体系的不断完善,保证女性在法律上的权利,更好地保护幼女的身心健康,全面促进社会和谐发展。     

The supplier selection problem with quantity discounts and truckload shipping

To minimize procurement expenditures both purchasing and transportation costs need to be considered. We study a procurement setting in which a company needs to purchase a number of products from a set of suppliers to satisfy customer demand. The suppliers offer total quantity discounts and transportation costs are based on truckload shipping rates. The goal is to select a set of suppliers so as to satisfy product demand at minimal total costs. The resulting optimization problem is strongly NP-hard. We develop integer programming based heuristics to solve the problem. Extensive computational experiments demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed heuristics and provide insight into the impact of instance characteristics on effective procurement strategies.