审视我国马克思主义哲学对真和善的研究

马克思主义哲学是伟大的认识工具,在认识世界和改造世界中发挥着巨大的作用。对真理和价值的追求,是马克思主义哲学质的规定性之一。然而在现实生活中,运用马克思主义哲学达到真理追求与价值追求的统一,却是一个复杂的过程。本文结合这个问题,从三方面进行了讨论。     

Flash Flood Awareness in Southwest Virginia

Flash floods are one of the most dangerous weather-related natural disasters in the world. These events develop less than six hours after a rainfall event and create hazardous situations for people and extensive damage to property. It is critical for flash flood conditions to be warned of in a timely manner to minimize impacts. There is currently a knowledge gap between flood experts and the general public about the level of perceived risk that the latter has toward the powerful flood waters and how events should be warned of, which affects the communication capabilities and efficiency of the warning process. Prior research has addressed risk perception of natural disasters, but there is little emphasis on flash floods within flood-prone regions of the United States. This research utilizes an online survey of 300 respondents to determine the current state of flash flood awareness and preparation in southwest Virginia. Analysis of trends involved the use of chi-squared tests (chi2) and simple frequency and percentage calculations. Results reveal that a knowledge base of flash floods does exist, but is not advanced enough for proper awareness. Young adults have a lower understanding and are not as concerned about flood impacts. Increased exposure and perceived risk play a key role in shaping the way a person approaches flash floods. People do monitor flood events, but they are unaware of essential guidance and communication mechanisms. Finally, results suggest that the current method of warning about flash floods is not provided at an appropriate level of detail for effective communication.     

我国社会科学证据发展状况初探

社会科学证据作为一种新型的证据手段,已经通过不同的证据形式在我国司法裁判中大量出现。这引起学界较多的关注和讨论,但在立法层面上和司法过程中却无法获取明确的信息。从这一现状的多方面原因中能够发现我国社会科学证据发展过程中自身和制度的困境,而美国关于社会科学证据相关性规则的经验值得思考和学习。     

重庆市民办教育地方法规的需求情况调研报告

2016年,在教育供给侧结构性改革和民办教育分类管理改革的背景下,为制定出台《重庆市人民政府关于进一步促进民办教育健康发展的实施意见》的地方法规,市教委民办教育管理处与市教科院民办教育研究中心联合开展了"2008年《重庆市人民政府关于促进民办教育发展的意见》的贯彻落实与新的地方法规需求情况"专项调查,形成此调研报告,供行政部门决策参考.     

少数民族地区幼儿园教师科学素养现状及提升策略

幼儿园教师作为幼儿科学教育活动的组织者和实施者,其科学素养的水平直接关系到幼儿科学教育目标的达成,并决定着幼儿科学素养的水平。对甘肃省甘南藏族自治州和临夏回族自治州的236名幼儿园教师进行科学素养现状的问卷调查,结果分析发现,不同性别、年龄、学历、专业、教龄的幼儿园教师科学素养水平存在显著差异。根据调查的结果,针对幼儿园教师科学素养的提升提出建议：加强少数民族地区幼儿园教师的职前培训;通过多种途径为教师进行科学普及;引进更多男性教师加入幼儿园教师队伍;加强对少数民族地区幼儿园科学活动开设情况的检查和指导;加强幼儿园教师自身的科学学习。     

Generalised regression estimation via the bootstrap

A generalised regression estimation procedure is proposed that can lead to much improved estimation of population characteristics, such as quantiles, variances and coefficients of variation. The method involves conditioning on the discrepancy between an estimate of an auxiliary parameter and its known population value. The key distributional assumption is joint asymptotic normality of the estimates of the target and auxiliary parameters. This assumption implies that the relationship between the estimated target and the estimated auxiliary parameters is approximately linear with coefficients determined by their asymptotic covariance matrix. The main contribution of this paper is the use of the bootstrap to estimate these coefficients, which avoids the need for parametric distributional assumptions. First‐order correct conditional confidence intervals based on asymptotic normality can be improved upon using quantiles of a conditional double bootstrap approximation to the distribution of the studentised target parameter estimate.     

学生参与制定培养方案模式的实验研究

论文以某高校工商管理专业学生为研究对象,采用现场实验方法,分别设置了对照实验(专家实验)、小组讨论实验、组员实验和小组长实验四种实验方式,对工商管理专业人才培养方案的制定进行分析研究,并采用层次分析法对不同实验方式的实验结果进行对比分析。研究发现：(1)若以专家实验结果为标准,小组讨论实验的实验结果要优于组员实验和小组长实验;(2)学生有能力参与到工商管理专业人才培养方案的制定中,且参与学生的综合素质对培养方案的制定有着积极的影响;(3)在制定培养方案时,应增加相应的实践讨论课程,引导同学之间相互交流和学习,尤其是综合素质较高和较低同学之间的交流讨论;(4)在能力培养方面,学生诉求与专家期望存在一定的差异,恰当地让优秀学生参与培养方案的制定,能够提高培养方案的实施效果。     

Multiobjective Stochastic Multivariate Stratified Sampling in Presence of Nonresponse

The case of nonresponse in multivariate stratified sampling survey was first introduced by Hansen and Hurwitz in 1946 considering the sampling variances and costs to be deterministic. However, in real life situations sampling variance and cost are often random (stochastic) and have probability distributions. In this article, we have formulated the multivariate stratified sampling in the presence of nonresponse with random sampling variances and costs as a multiobjective stochastic programming problem. Here, the sampling variance and costs are considered random and converted into a deterministic NLPP by using chance constraint and modified E-model. A solution procedure using three different approaches are adopted viz. goal programming, fuzzy programming, and D₁ distance method to obtain the compromise allocation for the formulated problem. An empirical study has also been provided to illustrate the computational details.     

Performance of distance sampling estimators: a simulation study for designs based on footpaths

ABSTRACT

Recently, distance sampling emerged as an advantageous technique to estimate the abundance of many animal populations, including ungulates. Its basic design involves the random selection of several samplers (transects or points) within the population range, and a Horvitz–Thompson-like estimator is then applied to estimate the population abundance while correcting for animal detectability. Ensuring even coverage probability is essential for subsequent inference on the population size, but it may not be achievable because of limited access to parts of the population range. Moreover, in several environmental conditions, a random selection of samplers may induce very high survey costs because it does not minimize the displacement time of the observer(s) between successive samplers. We thus tested whether two-stage designs – based on the random selection of points and then of nearby samplers – could be more cost-effective, for a given population size and when even area coverage cannot be guaranteed. Here, we further extend our analyses to assess the performance of two-stage designs under varying animal densities.     

Public Reliance on Risk Communication Channels in the Wake of a Cryptosporidium Outbreak

In the spring of 1993, about 39% of Milwaukee-area residents suffered through a nationally publicized illness brought about by cryptosporidium, a parasite that had infested the metropolitan drinking water supply. Our study, based on a telephone survey of 610 local adult residents, indicates that worry about becoming ill in the future with cryptosporidiosis relates more strongly and consistently to public reliance on, and use of, media for cryptosporidium information than do a range of risk perception and experience variables. We propose that more studies should take an audience-centered approach to understanding risk communication.