Parameter estimation for multivariate diffusion processes with the time inhomogeneously positive semidefinite diffusion matrix

Statistical inference for the diffusion coefficients of multivariate diffusion processes has been well established in recent years; however, it is not the case for the drift coefficients. Furthermore, most existing estimation methods for the drift coefficients are proposed under the assumption that the diffusion matrix is positive definite and time homogeneous. In this article, we put forward two estimation approaches for estimating the drift coefficients of the multivariate diffusion models with the time inhomogeneously positive semidefinite diffusion matrix. They are maximum likelihood estimation methods based on both the martingale representation theorem and conditional characteristic functions and the generalized method of moments based on conditional characteristic functions, respectively. Consistency and asymptotic normality of the generalized method of moments estimation are also proved in this article. Simulation results demonstrate that these methods work well.     

Impact of a continuing professional development intervention on midwifery academics’ awareness of cultural safety

Background

Cultural safety in higher education learning and teaching environments is paramount to positive educational outcomes for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (hereafter called First Peoples) students. There is a lack of research evaluating the impact of continuing professional development on midwifery academics' awareness of cultural safety.

Mighty Crime Victims: Victims' Rights and Neoliberalism in the American Conjuncture

Over the last 30 years, the victims' rights movement has expanded the role of victims in the American criminal justice system. As a result of this movement, judges, prosecutors and parole boards must now hear victims' views at all stages of the criminal justice process, including plea bargains, and sentencing and parole decisions. Legislative efforts have been spearheaded by victims' families, and legislation has been named after deceased victims. Also, victims' families can now view executions in states across the country. The victims' right movement assumes that the criminal justice system should privilege victims' interests over those of society. In so doing, it denies society as a consideration, which is tantamount to a denial of society itself. This article positions victims' rights' denial of society within the current conjuncture, marked as it is by the contradiction between neoliberalism and American liberalism. Victims' rights' denial of society is an expression of the denial of society implicit in American neoliberalism, which seeks to privilege individual interests over those of society. This paper argues that victims' rights is a powerful element of the neoliberal project for three reasons. First, victims' rights imputes the authority of legal discourse to neoliberalism's denial of society. Second, important actors in the rise of neoliberalism have also worked to establish victims' rights. Finally, victims' rights comprehensively circulates throughout America and offers powerful points of identification that incorporate Americans into the victims' rights formation. I explore the denial of society in three victims' rights practices: naming criminal legislation after crime victims and passing such laws in honour of victims; allowing victims' families to view executions; and prosecutors, judges and police personnel making legal decisions according to victims' wishes. I examine the consonant denial of society in three neoliberal practices – monetarism, supply-side economics and welfare reform – and demonstrate how neoliberal advocates like Bill Clinton, Ronald Reagan and Paul Gann worked to advance victims' rights. I also describe the production, consumption and comprehensive circulation of victims' rights texts. Finally, I consider Cultural Studies' unique contribution to legal studies.     

邯郸成语典故的文化精神与当代价值

邯郸成语典故大量孕育于春秋战国至两汉时期,是其辉煌时代的一种特有的历史记忆形式,也是其注重事功的学术传统与全民皆商的土风民俗的必然产物。它蕴涵了变革图强、开放包容、厚德重法等主要文化精神,有着不容忽视的当代价值,并且可以通过与当代社会主义文化繁荣发展的密切结合来切实实现其当代价值转换。     

非英语专业大学生英语听力水平的现状分析及应对之策

教育部高教司最新制定的《大学英语课程教学要求》将大学英语的教学目标设定为培养学生英语综合应用能力,特别是听说能力,以便他们在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流。为完成这一教学目标,作者对非英语专业大学生英语听力水平的现状进行了调查,对非英语专业大学生英语听力学习中存在的问题作了实证分析,并就如何改进非英语专业大学生英语听力学习提出了自已的一些看法和建议。     

英汉数字文化习俗差异的对比分析

世界上每个民族都有自己的数字文化,由于英汉两个民族的历史和文化存在很大差异,英汉数字文化鲜明地体现了民族文化的心理、传统与特色。通过对一些有代表性的英汉数字词语的文化内涵对比分析,我们可以对英汉两个民族的文化习俗差异窥之一斑。     

中西文化差异与理解的融合

中西方文化由于自然环境和传统思想的差异而呈现迥异的面貌,这两个不同的生长基点造成中西道德价值观、中西哲学思维方式、中西文学审美风格的差异。中西方人的社会行为和思维方式的差异源于中西文化差异。中西文化的互识、互敬、互补需要建立在真正相互理解的基础才能达到相互融合,这是全球文化构建的正确发展方向。     

传统文化资源产业化的路径分析

传统文化资源与现代文化资源相对应,具有文化资源的一些共性特征,其中最本质的特征是创意性。传统文化资源产业化的路径包括同心圆扩散、链式扩散和融合扩散等方式。同心圆扩散既与产业化的地理范围有关,又与其业务范围有关;链式扩散主要指在价值链、生产链和产业链方面的扩散;融合扩散包括了传统文化资源与第一产业、第二产业和第三产业的融合。政府管理、行业协会、产品和人力资源等方面存在的问题构成了传统文化资源产业化的障碍,而加快文化体制改革,加强行业监管,促进信息流动,重视文化产业人才的培养有助于破除这些障碍。     

傣泰民族起源与傣泰民族文化圈的形成新探

中国古代不存在一个可成其为民族的越人族体,泰人也不是越人演变而来的,傣泰民族在汉代以前的历史的追溯已无意义。傣泰民族可追溯的源流在汉代云南滇中,并随后向南迁移到今天的云南南部及东南亚一带。由于傣泰民族在长期的历史迁移与发展中保持了水稻种植、“勐-阪”制度与文化的复制模式,使傣泰民族的先民们能在长期的迁移过程中定居并壮大起来,从而在今天形成了一个傣泰民族居住的文化圈。傣泰民族文化圈是一个文化地理概念,基于共同的民族渊源关系,人们互相理解、宽容、合作、开展社会与经济的交流,共同促进民族与文化的发展,是当代理解傣泰民族文化的新思维。     

文化词语的翻译

语言和文化是相互影响和相互作用的.语言是文化的载体,文化是语言滋生的土壤.语言中的文化信息是通过语词体现出来的.文化词语的翻译方法有意译、直译、直译加注法和套用译语成语或习语.