龙舞在中国传统哲学视域中的审美特征

中国传统哲学的"天人观"、"虚实观"、"气韵观"对中国龙舞文化产生了深远的影响.龙舞的发生发展在本质上可视作中国哲学思想最生动、最直接的形象表达.对中国龙舞的关注不应仅停留于舞龙过程的呈现,还需聚焦这些物化形式后丰富的精神蕴涵和独特的思维方式.文章以中国龙舞的重要代表——"铜梁龙舞"为切入点,试从中国传统哲学观的角度关照这一享有"中华第一龙"美誉的龙舞样式,以揭示龙舞艺术所积淀的民族审美特征与文化精神.     

把哲学变为社会批判理论--法兰克福学派理论特点研究

哲学能否以自己独特的方式面向现实生活,特别是能否体现现实社会生活发展的前进方向,是其具有生命力与否的关键所在。继承并发扬了马克思哲学批判精神的法兰克福学派,以其毫不妥协的思想姿态和挑战现实的理论勇气,形成了一种具有穿透力的社会批判理论,不仅体现了其对时代状况的准确把握,而且,也体现了对马克思哲学精髓的深刻洞察。正是在这种把握与洞察之中,反映出法兰克福学派对哲学的独特理解,从而体现了其对马克思哲学观进行变革的一个全新维度。     

新创企业高管团队的团队过程与战略决策绩效 ——认知的调节作用

新创企业的成败很大程度上取决于战略决策绩效,具有决策权力的高管团队在创业情境下的认知和行为过程对战略决策绩效具有重要影响。本文结合创业研究和高管团队研究的现有成果,以122家新创企业为研究对象,从内部团队过程和外部团队过程两个维度考察高管团队的团队过程对战略决策绩效的影响,并从认知的视角分析新创企业高管团队认知需要和认知能力对团队过程与决策绩效关系的调节作用。研究结果表明,新创企业高管团队的内部团队过程和外部团队过程与决策的质量和满意度均有显著的正相关关系,且认知需要和认知能力对这种关系具有调节作用,在认知需要和认知能力较高的情况下,内、外部团队过程对决策质量和满意度的正向影响更强。     

互动公平、委员会决策程序公平与员工决策承诺:基于公平启发理论与不确定管理理论的实证研究

借助层级团队形式制定决策,决策者能激发员工的决策承诺,确保决策的有效执行。以委员会作为决策者的层级团队为例,本文探讨了以下问题:当存在个体对自身胜任力的自信、专用性人力资本投资这两个因素的影响时,互动公平与委员会决策程序公平效应及它们之间的交互效应会发生什么变化?引入公平启发理论与不确定管理理论,本文假设并检验了上述四个因素如何交互作用于员工决策承诺。以两家大型商业银行信贷业务人员为研究对象,实证研究表明:(1)自信和专用性人力资本投资对委员会决策程序公平效应有着显著调节作用,但它们对互动公平效应的调节作用不显著;(2)当存在自信和专用性人力资本投资的影响时,较强的互动公平与委员会决策程序公平之间的交互效应更稳定一些,而较低的互动公平感知与程序公平之间的交互效应在方向上发生变化。本文有助于管理者理解"公平何时能引致员工合作"这一问题,帮助其更好地把握决策过程以获得员工对其决策的支持。本研究的假设完全基于公平启发理论(FHT)和不确定管理理论(UMT)的理论逻辑做出,实证结果与FHT和UMT的理论预测以及已有实证研究结果相一致,这意味着本研究具有较高可信性和可靠性,能为进一步理论探索提供了比较坚实的基础。     

哲学基本问题的提出是哲学史发展的逻辑必然

哲学基本问题贯穿整个哲学史 ,古代本体论哲学并没有自觉到思维和存在的关系 ,近代认识论哲学由于自觉到了思维和存在的关系 ,因而使哲学基本问题获得了“完全的意义”。马克思主义哲学第一次明确提出并全面论述了思维和存在的关系问题 ,并在实践基础上实现了二者真正的统一。只有历史地考察哲学基本问题 ,才能坚持思维和存在的关系问题是哲学的基本问题 ,才能在实践中坚持唯物主义 ,反对唯心主义。     

哲学课中贯彻“七一”讲话精神的若干思考

贯彻“七一”讲话精神是当前高校的一项重要的政治任务。本文认为 ,深刻领会教育部关于普通高校“两课”教育教学中贯彻江泽民同志“七一”重要讲话精神的通知 (以下简称“通知”)精神 ,是当下哲学教学的前提 ;厘清和弥补中国人民大学马克思主义学院关于“马克思主义哲学原理”课贯彻《讲话》精神的教学建议 (以下简称“建议”)和现行哲学教材的个面缺失 ,则是贯彻“七一”讲话精神的先期任务 ,只有紧紧围绕马克思主义哲学的实质 ,才能全面理解“七一”讲话精神的基本内核     

Strategies for improving decision making of leaders with ADHD and without ADHD in combat military context

Environment-leader congruency yields better adaptability manifested in better decision-making. The military combat environment offers advantages for leaders with ADHD; though they are expected to encounter difficulties due to executive dysfunction. This research aspired to increase the congruency effect for leaders with ADHD in a stressful military environment through interventions that improve executive decisions. We hypothesized that making decisions in isolation will improve decision quality overall; while face-to-face interventions that activate commitment and focused attention will promote decision-making particularly among respondents with ADHD. A large-scale controlled study explored candidates’ responses to combat dilemmas under four randomly assigned interventions: Isolation, Simple face-to-face, Withholding response face-to-face; and Control-peer-group classroom setting. The main effects of improved decision-making in isolation and simple face-to-face settings were shown across groups. Further, both face-to-face interventions interacted with ADHD, yielding stronger effects and better performance among participants with ADHD as compared to those without ADHD. Current findings highlight the importance of finding suitable conditions for enabling improved executive decisions among candidates with ADHD. Introducing economical and easy-to-operate face-to-face interventions enhances decision quality in a highly represented neurodiverse population. Current findings may generalize to an array of high-risk/high-stress working environments, providing ecologically relevant support for young leaders from neurodiverse populations.     

Red flags for episiotomy in a midwife-led birth: Using co-production with midwives to capture clinical experience

BackgroundOne of four key points in the Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury Care Bundle, first piloted in the UK in 2016, was the directive to perform episiotomy when clinically indicated. Midwives are the primary health care professional for straightforward births in the UK and there is very little published literature that relates to their practice in this area.AimThe aim of the study was to explore experienced midwives’ decision-making processes in their assessments for episiotomy during birth.Methods43 midwives self-identifying as confident in performing episiotomy were sampled across 8 NHS Trusts in England and Wales. Data collection was via online focus groups and 1:1 interviews. Primary thematic analysis was undertaken by the research team. Preliminary themes were used to structure a co-production analysis workshop where eight experienced midwives undertook a secondary analysis of the data resulting in four overall themes.FindingsFour themes were identified, ‘Optimising Perineal Function’, ‘Red Flags to Stimulate Decision-Making’, ‘The Midwives’ Episiotomy’ and ‘Infiltration as a Catalyst for Birth’.DiscussionMidwives use a number of visual, auditory and touch cues to inform their assessments for episiotomy during birth.ConclusionThis study provides valuable insight into the cues that guide experienced midwives’ decision-making in relation to episiotomy and contributes evidence related to performing episiotomy when clinically indicated in spontaneous vaginal birth.     

International consensus definition of critical thinking in midwifery practice: A Delphi study

ProblemCurrently there is no discipline-specific definition of critical thinking in midwifery practice.BackgroundCritical thinking in midwifery practice is the cornerstone for safe, evidence based, and woman centred clinical decision-making. Available definitions of critical thinking in other disciplines do not align with midwifery practice which is distinctive, multidimensional and complex.AimTo develop an international consensus definition of critical thinking in midwifery practice.MethodsA two round Delphi study was used. Thirty-two international midwifery experts contributed to the first round which was qualitative in nature. Twenty one of these experts then ranked the relevance and clarity of concepts from round one.FindingsA consensus definition of critical thinking in midwifery practice was achieved. The expert panel identified and defined 14 ‘Habits of Mind’ and 12 Skills that are the core of critical thinking in midwifery practice. Skills included; analysis, constructive application and contextualisation of best available evidence, problem solving, discriminating, predicting, evaluation of care, collect and interpret clinical cues, collaboration/ negotiation, reflexivity, facilitates shared decision-making, communication, and transforming knowledge. Habits of Mind included; intellectual curiosity, reflective, holistic view, intellectual integrity, flexibility, questioning/challenging, participatory, open mindedness, listening with understanding and empathy, cultural humility, woman centred, being brave, confidence, and creativity.Discussion/conclusionThis study is an international first and delineates characteristics of critical thinking in midwifery. Development of a consensus definition provides a common and shared understanding of the skills and attributes required for critical thinking in midwifery practice and can also be applied in education and research.