人学探要

人学是关于人的存在、本质及其产生、运动、发展、变化规律的新兴科学。人学首先以人自身为研究对象,并将人纳入自然界和宇宙之中予以通观。人是肉体和精神的物质辩证统一体,精神的实质也是物质。人与自然界物质存在形态在根本上是一致的,人与宇宙在本质上是同一的。人生的意义和价值存在于为他人、为社会、为人类做出的贡献之中。正确的宇宙观、人生观、价值观、时空观和发展观的确立,将会使人走上真正彻底自由和解放的道路。     

Three Object Relations Models of Couple Treatment

This article describes three different approaches to the treatment of couples, all based on different versions of object relations theories. Object relations as a term has various meanings embodying different theoretical assumptions. It is used differentially to highlight certain aspects of clinical phenomena, to connote certain developmental paradigms, and to signal the importance of real, interactional aspects of human behavior. The three therapeutic approaches to work with couples illustrate some of the ways that the greater conceptual complexity of object relations theories affects how love is explained, couple conflicts defined, and what makes for change in couples treatment. Understanding the basic assumptions of a given theory will enable us to increase our informed consent to the use of theory in our practices.     

我国上市公司盈余管理行为的实证分析

我国证券市场存在较为严重的盈余管理现象.针对该现象,本文从盈余管理动机出发,分析我国上市公司盈余管理的行为特征.本文采用管理后盈余分布法,研究了我国上市公司2001年至2003年净资产收益率(ROE)的分布特征,发现我国上市公司仍然存在很强的盈余管理动机,而且我国上市公司盈余管理的行为受到政府监管的影响.最后,本文在实证研究的基础上提出了治理盈余管理的几点建议.     

教育地理学若干问题的思考

教育地理学作为一门新兴学科,自20世纪50年代以来国外学者就进行了研究。20世纪90年代,教育地理学在我国也受到一些学者重视。随着《教育地理学》一书的出版,教育地理学作为一门学科在我国确立起来,学者在教育地理学的研究对象、学科性质和学科体系等方面进行了研究,但随后研究势头减弱,学科发展缓慢,存在研究对象尚不明确,学科性质争论不下,学科体系尚未形成,研究团队薄弱等诸多问题。与此同时,国外的教育地理研究已经发生了教育地理研究的“空间转向”,并获得了较丰富的理论成果,值得借鉴。我国的教育地理学研究需要在理论研究、实践研究、方法论研究、科研团队建设和人才培养方面做出更进一步的努力。     

论公民环境教育的目标共生

公民环境教育的目标问题是有关环境教育研究领域的一个重要方向。全面而系统的公民环境教育目标谱系应该包含知识、技能、意识、伦理、行为、评价与建议以及意愿等七个维度。而七个维度目标之间的互利共生是公民环境教育层次提升、效果提高的必由之路。     

Bayesian Estimation and Model Choice in Item Response Models

Item response models are essential tools for analyzing results from many educational and psychological tests. Such models are used to quantify the probability of correct response as a function of unobserved examinee ability and other parameters explaining the difficulty and the discriminatory power of the questions in the test. Some of these models also incorporate a threshold parameter for the probability of the correct response to account for the effect of guessing the correct answer in multiple choice type tests. In this article we consider fitting of such models using the Gibbs sampler. A data augmentation method to analyze a normal-ogive model incorporating a threshold guessing parameter is introduced and compared with a Metropolis-Hastings sampling method. The proposed method is an order of magnitude more efficient than the existing method. Another objective of this paper is to develop Bayesian model choice techniques for model discrimination. A predictive approach based on a variant of the Bayes factor is used and compared with another decision theoretic method which minimizes an expected loss function on the predictive space. A classical model choice technique based on a modified likelihood ratio test statistic is shown as one component of the second criterion. As a consequence the Bayesian methods proposed in this paper are contrasted with the classical approach based on the likelihood ratio test. Several examples are given to illustrate the methods.     

An upper bound for the distribution function of a positive definite quadratic form

In this paper the researchers are presenting an upper bound for the distribution function of quadratic forms in normal vector with mean zero and positive definite covariance matrix. They also will show that the new upper bound is more precise than the one introduced by Okamoto [4] and the one introduced by Siddiqui [5]. Theoretical Error bounds for both, the new and Okamoto upper bounds are derived in this paper. For larger number of terms in any given positive definite quadratic form, a rough and easier upper bound is suggested.     

Distribution-Free Confidence Intervals for Difference and Ratio of Medians

The classic nonparametric confidence intervals for a difference or ratio of medians assume that the distributions of the response variable or the log-transformed response variable have identical shapes in each population. Asymptotic distribution-free confidence intervals for a difference and ratio of medians are proposed which do not require identically shaped distributions. The new asymptotic methods are easy to compute and simulation results show that they perform well in small samples.     

话题结构中ATB移位现象的最简探索

在英语并列疑问句中，存在着ATB(Across the Board)移位现象。汉语作为Wh in situ的语言，不允许疑问词提升。但是通过对实际的语料分析发现，在汉语某些宾语前置的话题结构中，同样存在着ATB式移位。文章通过分析这些结构的句法特征和生成机制，证明了在汉语中同样存在着ATB移位现象，并通过对比不同语言中话题化结构的特点，进而证明了ATB移位具有跨语言的普遍特性。     

Parameters estimation for weibull distributed lifetimes under progressive censoring with random removeals

This paper considers the estimation problem when lifetimes are Weibull distributed and are collected under a Type-II progressive censoring with random removals, where the number of units removed at each failure time follows a uniform discrete distribution. The expected time of this censoring plan is discussed and compared numerically to that under a Type II censoring without removal. Maximum likelihood estimator of the parameters and their asymptotic variances are derived.