《看得见风景的房间》中的父亲形象研究

由于自身生活经历的影响,福斯特的作品中经常缺乏父亲形象,而福斯特小说中的“父亲”问题也很少受到关注。拉康关于父亲的理论受到广泛关注,这一理论认为,父亲-母亲-孩子的三角结构是组成稳定家庭的关键因素。父亲的缺失会使这一稳定结构遭到破坏,但是,由于父亲缺失遗留下的位置会由他人或他物来填补,父亲的缺失也是象征性的。在福斯特作品《看得见风景的房间》中,父亲的缺失就是象征性的,父亲对女儿的监控作用通过其他人物得到了实现,文本中缺失的仅是父亲的形象,父亲的声音却是贯穿始终的。     

戈公振《世界报业考察记》校读记

商务印书馆2017年整理版戈公振遗著《世界报业考察记》,嘉惠学林甚大,然其中有少量文字讹误,对此略做校正与辨析。     

Bisphenol A: How the Most Relevant Exposure Sources Contribute to Total Consumer Exposure

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical that is found in human urine throughout industrial societies around the globe. Consumer exposure pathways to BPA include packaged food, household dust, air, and dental fillings. To date, information on the relative contribution of the different pathways to total consumer exposure is lacking, but is key for managing substance‐associated risks. We investigated the relative contributions of the pathways known to be most relevant for nine different consumer groups. Our results suggest that the most important pathways for infants and children are the use of polycarbonate (PC) baby bottles and for adults and teenagers the consumption of canned food. Dental surgery can also considerably contribute over a short time directly after the surgery. For infants fed with PC baby bottles with mean dose rates of 0.8 μg/kg_bw/d the highest exposure dose rate was calculated. This dose rate is far below the tolerable daily intake of 50 μg/kg_bw/d. However, it is of the same order of magnitude as recently reported concentrations that caused low‐dose health effects in rodents. We find a pattern of falling exposure levels with rising age that is supported by urinary concentrations of BPA available for selected consumer groups. Similarly, the exposure levels we predict are confirmed by the levels reported in these studies.     

超竞争环境下企业困境并购定价与时机研究

在超竞争环境下企业面临的竞争环境越来越动荡,企业的竞争优势呈现出短期性与临时性的特点,为了快速发展,越来越多的企业选择并购。本文以超竞争环境为研究背景,运用期权博弈理论,分析并建立了存在竞争对手的企业困境并购定价与时机选择模型,通过模型求解得到并购中主并企业给予目标企业的最优价值以及主并企业的最佳并购时机;此外,通过数值模拟重点分析了三个超竞争特征因子（竞争强度、竞争不确定性、企业价值损失因子）、企业困境因子以及竞争对手的溢价水平对企业困境并购时机的影响。本文研究发现：（1）被并企业得到的价值补偿比例及主并企业最佳并购时机均受到各超竞争特征因子、企业困境因子以及竞争对手溢价水平的综合影响;（2）竞争对手的存在会使目标企业得到的价值补偿比例增加;（3）超竞争环境下企业困境并购中主并企业的最佳并购时机取决于并购双方的相对价值比;（4）随着可能导致双方谈判破裂因素、事件的增多以及企业财务困境程度的增加,主并企业提前进行并购的可能性增加;（5）随着竞争强度、竞争不确定性、竞争对手造成溢价水平的增加,主并企业推迟并购时机的可能性增大。     

基于信号博弈的企业并购交易行为分析

企业并购是并购交易双方在追求各自利益最大化的前提下所进行的信号博弈过程。并购交易信号博弈分析表明,由于企业并购交易市场的信息不对称性和不完美性,企业并购交易将会出现市场完全成功、部分成功、接近失败和完全失败四种不同性质和效率的市场均衡,其中只有市场完全成功是最理想和有效率的均衡。但在具体的企业并购交易中出现哪种均衡,主要取决于企业并购交易博弈模型中不同质量目标企业的价值、交易价格、风险成本和质量高、低比例之间的相互关系。减少出现上述三种低效率均衡机会的最有效方法是克服企业并购交易市场的信息不对称性问题,并提高并购企业的识别能力。     

Evaluating Weight of Evidence in the Mystery of Balkan Endemic Nephropathy

Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a chronic, progressive wasting disease of the kidneys, endemic in certain rural regions of the Balkan nations Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Romania. It is irreversible and ultimately fatal. Though this disease was first described in the 1950s, its causes have been a mystery and a source of much academic and clinical contention. Possible etiologic agents that have been explored include exposure to metals and metalloids, viruses and bacteria, and the dietary toxins aristolochic acid (AA) and ochratoxin A (OTA). AA is a toxin produced by weeds of the genus Aristolochia, common in Balkan wheat fields. Aristolochia seeds may intermingle with harvested grains and thus inadvertently enter human diets. OTA is a mycotoxin (fungal toxin) common in many foods, including cereal grains. In this study, we analyzed the weight of evidence for each of the suspected causes of BEN using the Bradford Hill criteria (BHC): nine conditions that determine weight of evidence for a causal relationship between an agent and a disease. Each agent postulated to cause BEN was evaluated using the nine criteria, and for each criterion was given a rating based on the strength of the association between exposure to the substance and BEN. From the overall available scientific evidence for each of these suspected risk factors, AA is the agent with the greatest weight of evidence in causing BEN. We describe other methods for testing causality from epidemiological studies, which support this conclusion of AA causing BEN.     

ON FRAGILE GROUNDS: A REPLICATION OF “ARE MUSLIM IMMIGRANTS DIFFERENT IN TERMS OF CULTURAL INTEGRATION?”

This study is a replication of “Are Muslim Immigrants Different in terms of Cultural Integration?” by Alberto Bisin, Eleonora Patacchini, Thierry Verdier and Yves Zenou, published in the Journal of the European Economic Association, 6, 445–456, 2008. Bisin et al. (2008) report that they have 5,963 observations in their study. Using their empirical setup, we can only identify 1,901 relevant observations in the original data. After removing missing values we are left with 818 observations. We cannot replicate any of their results and our estimations yield no support for their claims.     

“真正的人的存在”是马克思主义的“哲学存在”

世间一切事物的存在，包括人的存在，大致可表现为两种状态：一是具体的现实的存在状态，一是抽象的属于本质的，即哲学意义上的存在状态，二者密不可分，但又不能互相混淆。马克思所进行的关于“真正的人的存在”的哲学构建，是以人的社会存在和社会的人的存在为基准的，从开始到最后，都把人在社会生活、尤其是社会经济生活中的处境和地位以及所作所为、主要是劳动作为考查的重点，并把社会的发展和人的发展放在一起来考虑。     

美国高等教育质量认证机构及其活动特征研究

美国高等教育质量认证活动是非政府、自愿的民间行为,但其认证活动却因科学客观、公正严明而享誉世界。究其原因,笔者认为美国高等教育质量认证机构采取的种种手段、方式方法对质量产生了保证作用,如权威的资格认可、认证机构专家的多元构成、认证标准的个性化和科学规范的操作程序等,学习和借鉴美国高等教育质量认证机构及其活动的特征将有益于我国构建科学、规范的教育质量评估制度。     

寻找快乐的家园——读王安忆长篇小说《上种红菱下种藕》

小说《上种红菱下种藕》表现了上海附近一个小镇上的特殊风景,这里的生活气息浓郁,且温情怡然,这里的人们质朴而善良,这些都是我们向往的最宝贵的东西。在现代化的进程中,经济的、科学技术的现代化一方面带来了富庶和繁荣,另一方面也刮走了精神中的营养。