和谐致平之道--关于和平学的几点阐释

和平学可以分为"和平"和"研究"两个词。和平即是用非暴力的方式实现和平,研究则应是经验的、批判的和建设性的。减少暴力的方法有:寻找冲突的根源对症下药;去两极化和人性化;以和解方式治愈创伤结束暴力循环。当今世界主要冲突的根源是多方面的和复杂的,这就要求和平学研究应多关注深层次的文化和结构,同时应认识到和平学是跨国的而非国际间的,各国的和平学研究应该汇流到一起。     

动画片对中国儿童暴力性倾向的影响

目前我国流行的动画片,尤其是来自欧美和日本等西方国家的动画片,相当一部分具有较高的暴力倾向。这种具有暴力倾向的动画片通过电视、影碟和卡通画等方式传播,对青少年儿童的社会心理和社会行为产生了较大的影响,使得他们日常生活中的暴力倾向明显增强。这个问题没有受到审查机构、媒体以及家长或老师的重视,以致孩子们在接受动画片的影响时缺乏应有警觉。     

和平研究视角下的和平与战争问题

在人类历史上,战争的增长与社会的发展同步,为了实现和平,暴力反而成为了手段。实现和平的方式和内容是和平研究的重要问题,和平可以分为消极和平与积极和平。消极和平关注的是直接暴力的不在场,它可以容忍结构性暴力;积极和平是用非暴力方式创造性地实现了冲突的转换,和平不仅是战争的不在场,而且包括一个良好社会结构和环境的创建。历史证明,"唯有和平本身",此外"没有路可以通向和平"。     

Juvenile Violence and Addiction

Abstract

Adolescents commit more than 50 percent of the nation's crimes, and their use of substances both accompanies and facilitates criminal activities. Juvenile offenders exhibit three prominent features: drug involvement, a history of family violence, and intrinsic neurological and/ or cognitive vulnerabilities. This article documents the connection between physical abuse and its impact on cognitive and intrapsychic functioning, as well as the physiological impact on brain function and body chemistry. The implications for the clinical treatment and prevention of juvenile violence and addiction are described.     

家庭暴力的预防救助体系建设刍议

加强反家庭暴力的研究,对构建和谐社会有着积极的作用。社会工作应介入家庭暴力问题,根据受虐家庭社会支持体系的社会工作职能和领域分布,构建受虐家庭社会支持体系。     

A Queer Theorist’s Critique of Online Domestic Violence Advocacy: Critically Responding to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence Web Site

Since the foundations of the contemporary anti-violence movement in the 1960s and 1970s, advocates have sought to establish a critical understanding of domestic violence that we can use to direct our efforts for social change. Yet many advocates and advocacy organizations continue to rely on a problematic narrative of sameness that marginalizes and erases diverse victims’ experiences and needs. In this article, I conduct a critical discourse analysis of the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence Web site to identify outcomes of this narrative for the inclusivity of advocacy efforts. I argue that despite the organization’s numerous claims to represent diverse victims’ experiences, Web site content reveals that its purportedly general account of domestic violence normalizes the experiences of a small group of victims—namely, heterosexual, cisgender women. Further, the Web site’s content greatly limits the potential for thinking about and discussing violence across difference. I conclude with recommendations for changes in advocacy practices.     

Adding Insult to Injury: Sex,Sexual Orientation,and Juror Decision-Making in a Case of Intimate Partner Violence

Societal definitions of intimate partner violence (IPV) are highly gendered and heteronormative, resulting in dissonance regarding cases of same-sex IPV. This study explored perceptions of IPV when the context of the case is inconsistent with societal norms regarding sex and sexuality. Mock jurors read a vignette describing a case of alleged IPV in which the sex and sexual orientation of the defendant were manipulated. Participants (N = 415) rendered a verdict and provided ratings of the defendant, victim, and case. Results suggest participants were more confident in a guilty verdict when the defendant was male, compared to female. Further, male defendants were perceived as more morally responsible, but only when the victim was female. Perceptions regarding the crime suggest violence perpetrated by a man against a woman is viewed more adversely than any other condition. Data are discussed in terms of implications for legal decision-makers and public policy.     

Gender mobility: survival plays and performing Central American migration in passage

Bandits, corrupt officials, travel companions and smugglers rape Central American migrants during their clandestine journey across Mexico. However, migrants do not passively accept this violence; they devise performances of gender to arrive at their destination. Based on over two years of ethnographic fieldwork from El Salvador through Mexico to the United States, this article examines how men and women improvise new understandings of masculinity and femininity as they travel the migrant trail. In the transient social field of the transnational migration route, migrant narratives of the journey are ‘survival plays’ that re-imagine gender.     

How does gun violence affect Americans’ trust in each other?

This article examines how Americans' actual experience of gun victimization affects their trust in others and how this further connects to the widely-discussed association between gun crime and trust at the place level. Analyzing data from the U.S. General Social Survey (GSS), I find that, regardless when it occurred in life, Americans who were victimized by guns trust much less in others than those who had no such experience. In terms of the size of the effect, repeated gun victimization has the strongest effect, followed by adulthood victimization, and then childhood victimization. I also find that individuals who later achieve higher socioeconomic status are better able to recover from the psychological effect of childhood gun victimization, lending support for the experiential theory of trust that people can update their trust according to changing experiences later in life. Finally, combing the GSS data with data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), I also show that higher percentages of nonfatal and fatal gun violence victims lead to lower levels of trust both across and within the U.S. census divisions over time. Findings of this study demonstrate that America's gun violence affects not only just those killed, injured, or present during gunfire, but it can also sabotage the social and psychological well-being of all Americans.     

Power struggles: A sociological approach to activist communication

This paper proposes an alternative approach to the scholarship of activist public relations, based on the ideas of the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu; notably his understanding of activism in society. Although Bourdieu is one of the most quoted sociologists in the world (Santoro, 2011; Truong & Weill, 2012), his work has only received limited attention in public relations, and has been entirely ignored within the context of activist communication. This is despite his focus on power, relationships and the role of activists in modern democracies, all of which are central themes in public relations practice and research. Based on Bourdieu’s theory of practice, the discipline’s prevailing, dominant, industry serving, functionalist paradigm positions public relations’ role in society as to perpetuate social inequalities. However, drawing on his ideas leads us to question if public relations skills could be equally utilized to challenge existing power imbalances in society, either in support or on behalf of those groups and individuals whose voices have been drowned out by traditional public relations efforts. The author argues that Bourdieu was not only an accomplished scholar, but also an activist in his own right. It is this combination of personal experience with academic ideas that lends weight to his scholarly work through which he urged the scholarly community to utilize their skills, knowledge and research to challenge (perceived) inequalities in society. The emergence of this type of activist academic, committed to giving voice to multiple coexisting, sometimes directly competing points of views, would arguably further justify and strengthen the existence of public relations as a scholarly discipline in its own right.