清江的生态环境与可持续发展

:清江流域生态环境现状 ,警示我们在开发流域资源的同时应对生态环境质量作出保护 ,以避免决策失误导致生态环境进一步恶化 ,用生态农业来解决经济发展与生态平衡间的矛盾     

二十世纪初期的中国语文学习观

20世纪初,我国的语文教育进入了现代学科教育的新阶段.语文教育研究者在研究语文学科教育的同时,也开始了对现代语文学习的研究,在语文学习目标、语文学习原则、语文学习方法等方面进行了有益的探索.     

辛亥革命与民初社会变迁

辛亥革命作为20世纪中国三次历史性巨变的第一次,推翻了君主专制制度,建立了民主共和国,推行一系列有利于资本主义经济发展的政策法令,推动了中国社会的变革,使民国初年在社会结构、社会观念和社会生活等领域都发生了巨大变化,辛亥革命开启了中国社会进步的闸门。     

明末清初江南农业生产与灾害防治——以张履祥的视野为中心

张履祥是明末清初优秀的农学家之一。从他的视野看来,江南部分农民在农具置备、水利建设、林果生产、桑蚕经营等方面积累了比较丰富的灾害防治经验。他们以此提高农业劳动生产力,为乡土经济和社会文明的发展提供了不可忽视的基础条件。     

Race/ethnicity,human capital,and the selection of young children into early childhood education

Mexican-origin families face complex ethnic and immigration-based barriers to enrollment in early childhood education programs. As such, reducing barriers to enrollment for this population requires a better understanding of how Mexican-origin families work with, against, or around both general and group-specific constraints on educational opportunities. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort, this study tailored broad social theory to the experience of Mexican-origin families to examine associations between human capital considerations and early childhood education enrollment within this population. Results supported the hypothesis that human capital considerations would be associated with early childhood care and education and provide limited evidence for the expectation that this link would be stronger for Mexican-origin families.     

Early education and care quality: Does it matter for maternal working hours?

This study investigates whether mothers whose children enter early childhood education and care (ECEC) centers of higher quality are more likely to work longer hours. The empirical analysis links the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) Study with the K²iD-SOEP extension study, which collected ECEC quality information from childcare centers across Germany. Based on a sample of 556 mothers of 628 children with a mean age of 2.6 years at center entry, the authors applied change score models with entropy balancing to account for differences in a rich set of observable characteristics. The findings show that higher levels of quality with respect to child-teacher-ratio and partly also activities promoting child learning and offered services for parents are associated with greater increases in working hours for mothers since the year before using the ECEC center. No significant relationships emerged for group size and equipment.     

Stillbirth in Australia 6: The future of stillbirth research and education

The first five papers in the Stillbirths in Australia series have described the current state of stillbirth research and education in Australia, as well as the national approach being adopted to prevention. This final paper in the series asks ‘where to from here?’. What does the next 5–10 years hold for those of us working in this field and how much more can be achieved? There are signs that we are moving in the right direction with a national prevention program about to rollout to add to the gains of the last two decades, and evidence of a more consistent approach to bereavement care. However, we must sharpen our equity lens and ensure that all groups are included in these efforts.     

Models of accepting an early retirement incentive

The presence of special early retirement incentives has changed the work environment for older workers. It is of interest to know how existing models of the timing of the pension acceptance decision function in an incentive environment. Furthermore, it is of interest to note the similarities or differences between males and females with regard to retirement behaviors. In this study, a basic utility maximization model, an expanded model, and an interactive model are applied to the acceptance of an early retirement pension incentive; probabilities of acceptance range from .18 to .39. Acceptance behavior without the incentive is simulated, with probabilities of acceptance ranging from .11 to .33. Addition of a set of socioeconomic and psychological variables and a vector of interactive variables is found to improve the basic model.The author would like to thank W. Keith Bryant, Olivia Mitchell and several anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts. Any remaining errors are, of course, my own. Acknowledgement is also given to the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station for funding assistance.Jeanne M. Hogarth is an associate professor in the Department of Consumer Economics and Housing, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Dr. Hogarth received her Ph.D. from The Ohio State University, Department of Family Resource Management and includes retirement decision making, such as the timing of retirement and use of financial resources during retirement, among her current research interests.     

"北京人文科学研究所"筹建始末——20世纪上半叶日本对华文化侵略之典型一例

"北京人文科学研究所"是日本政府利用"庚款"在华建立的研究机构,也是日本政府为了扩大在华势力而实施的"对支文化事业"在华活动的重要一环。中国文化人认清了日本政府的企图,坚决反对"对支文化事业"。围绕该研究所的建立,日本政府与中国的文化教育界产生了严重对立。双方产生矛盾的根本在于"庚款"的退还与否和使用方式。"北京人文科学研究所"是日本外务省为了能够顺利开展"对支文化事业"而设立的"文化"招牌,也是日本扩大在华势力、对华实施文化侵略的工具之一。     

Kinship capital: young mothers,kinship networks and support in urban South Africa

ABSTRACT

In this paper, I explore kinship and other networks of support for young mothers and their babies after an unintended, ex-nuptial pregnancy in a resource-poor urban setting. I draw on in-depth interviews conducted with 30 young mothers aged 18 to 20 years old and follow up interviews conducted with 9 of them. The interviews focused on three main areas: pregnancy and birth, education and income generation, and support networks. I present three cases that reflect variability in support and kinship network patterns. I use genograms and kinship network maps to identify sources of support and kinship networks within and outside households. Paying attention to the location and distribution of networks, I engage with the role of kinship capital and other forms of support in mitigating some of the negative consequences of early, unplanned motherhood. I show how young mothers draw on support from kinship networks which in turn adapt and reconfigure to provide support, allowing young mothers to exercise agency in relation to aspirations around educational attainment and income generation.