Three New Life Distribution Models for Modeling Field Failure Data

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect the field reliability of a product. This makes the field reliability generally different from the inherent reliability. It is desired that a field reliability model can provide the information about the inherent reliability and quantify the effects of main extrinsic factors on reliability. This article presents three such life distribution models that can quantitatively reflect the effect of tests, transport and storage process, or/and operating variability on reliability. A real-world example is included to illustrate the appropriateness and usefulness of these models. The significance and interpretation of the felid reliability model are also discussed.     

所有制、行业效率与转型经济下的中国企业生存

 在转型经济条件下我国企业生存具有独特的特点。本文对湖南省1998-2007年新成立的54159家国有和私营工业企业数据样本进行了研究。结果表明,即使在行业层面,效率仍对企业生存产生了显著的正向影响,我国私营企业生存状况受效率影响作用较大,国有企业受效率影响较小,随着经济转型的深入,效率在改善中国企业生存方面的作用越来越大,而目前我国国有企业的生存还并未受经济转型时期的影响。     

货币国际化对国内宏观经济的影响

 本文利用新开放经济宏观经济学方法,构建了货币国际化对宏观经济影响的理论模型,从理论上分析了货币国际化对宏观经济短期和长期的影响。理论研究表明,货币国际化具有以下影响：（1）无论在短期还是长期,都将促使本国货币升值,但汇率未出现超调现象;（2）短期内刺激本国消费,长期内抑制本国消费;（3）短期内产出减少,长期内产出增加;（4）短期内改善贸易条件,长期内使贸易条件恶化;（5）无论短期还是长期,都将改善本国居民福利水平。在此基础上,基于结构VAR模型,利用美元经验数据实证分析了美元国际化对美国宏观经济的影响,实证结果表明：经验分析与理论研究结果高度一致。上述研究结论为人民币国际化提供了若干启示。     

贯彻落实科学发展观加快县域经济发展--对"十五"计划以来杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县加快发展县域经济的调查分析

本文在对杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县"十五"以来县域经济评价分析的基础上,提出了快速稳定发展的对策建议.     

Can ‘art Professions’ Be Bourdieuean Fields Of Cultural Production? The Case Of The Architecture Competition

The difference between ‘artistic and literary fields’ and universes such as architecture usually recognized as ‘art professions’ but which enjoy a far lesser ‘degree of autonomy’ than such fields seemingly constitutes an obstacle to the broader application of the notion of a ‘field of cultural production’ sought by Bourdieu in his Rules of Art. The author of this paper overcomes this obstacle by employing his notion of the ‘field effect’, with the architecture competition serving as the test case. Following Bourdieu, the author replaces the notion of profession with that of the field, for the former is a representation fostered by professional groups themselves. Architecture is a field, but, because architects require clients to construct and realize their works, one unlike the artistic and literary fields, which are markets of symbolic goods where ‘distinterest’ reigns and an autonomy unthinkable elsewhere is enjoyed. However, much like artists and unlike any other ‘professionals’, architects enter competitions, suggesting that this practice is an analytically relevant indicator of the field effect. After defining several of the elements of Bourdieu's relational conceptual matrix (field, illusio, collusion, doxa and space of possibles) and demonstrating that the Baptistery competition in Florence (1401) conforms to Bourdieu's historical beginning point for the process of 'autonomization' of artistic production, I examine a number of competitions from 1401 to 1989 (Berlin Jewish Museum) along with the general properties of competitions (structure and organization, publication and exhibition of results, competitors' economically irrational behaviour, practices of designers and jurors and the associated universe of beliefs), analysing them as those of an artistic field. It is concluded that when architects enter competitions, architecture, at least provisionally resembles an artistic field, for there is a field effect shown by a high degree autonomy, disinterest and the creation of an upside-down world.     

TRAVELLING PEOPLE,TRAVELLING OBJECTS

The paper introduces the essays on consumption, shopping tourism and informal trade in socialism, by presenting the framework of the research project in which they were produced. As opposed to tourists' shopping, shopping tourism is defined as travel abroad with the explicit aim to buy goods, unavailable, difficult to find, or inordinately costly in one's home country, for personal use or reselling to compatriots. Shopping tourism became a widespread practice in the East-European socialist economies of shortage as soon as travel restrictions, at first among socialist countries and, later, to the West, had been relaxed. Following a discussion of official and popular attitudes to consumption during socialism, the author points out that shopping tourism was not a form of popular resistance to the political system but rather a set of ingenious practices of adaptation to the everyday exigencies it created.     

晚明松江士人冯时可考论

冯时可是晚明松江文坛著名学者、诗人。冯氏勤于耕耘,富于著述,仅诗作即达二千余首。然其生平、著述至今语焉不详,后人对其诗文创作褒贬不一,誉之者称其为诗坛“中兴五子”之一,为天子养士气、生士色,于世运功莫大焉;抑之者指其卑靡蹿驳,无一赞语。文章对其生平、著述进行了详实地考辨,通过考辨指出,冯时可诗虽不能成家,但在吴中文坛仍是一位极具影响的诗文大家,甚至在晚明他也是一位较有影响的学者。其诗文创作是那个沧海桑田时代的形象注脚。     

上海服务经济发展态势与问题分析

国家“十二五”规划明确加快转变经济发展方式是我国经济社会领域的一场深刻变革,在此过程中,宏观经济要实现战略转型、产业结构要实现优化升级、发展方式要实现尽快转变,发展服务经济是重要环节之一。服务经济发展成功与否,将直接影响上海能否实现两个“率先”和“创新驱动、转型发展”。上海须从增加值、就业、投资、贸易和消费等角度全面审视服务经济的发展态势,以便认清形势、面对差距、群策群力,加快服务经济发展和经济发展方式转型。     

The Metaphorical Expression Of Gender And Dual Classification In Tana Ai Ritual Language

gender, n., is a grammatical term only. To talk of persons or creatures of the masculine or feminine g., meaning of the male or female sex, is either a jocularity (permissible or not according to context) or a blunder (Fowler 1965:221).     

Using an Online Support Site to Extend the Learning to a Graduate Field Practicum in the United States

An online support site was constructed for graduate social work students at San Diego State University in California during their first‐year field practicum. A study was conducted to explore and describe the attitudes of these students toward the usefulness of the site's online features. Students participated in the site through the Blackboard Software Platform by adding discussion threads to asynchronous forums on an online discussion board, receiving information through online announcements, accessing field‐related materials through the site, and engaging in an online network. The most useful forum was related to the learning plan that students were required to complete in planning and organizing their field practicum experience. Students reported that the most useful feature of the site was the ability to access timely information through the online announcements from the Field Education Program.