初中英语口语教学存在的问题及对策研究

长期以来初中英语口语教学存在着诸多fq题,如学生没有足够的口语练习训练,课堂教学模式单一化,学生缺少自信等。其原因既有学生层面的,也有教师层面的。因此,应采取相应对策以提高中学英语口语教学的效果。     

民汉合校中影响学生族群交往意愿的因素分析?

民汉合校是进入新世纪以来新疆基础教育办学的的主要形式之一,其目的在于促进双语教育、加强不同民族学生间的交往与交流。研究发现,民汉合校的学生有很强的族群交往意愿。族群交往的意愿与班级类型、父母亲的受教育程度、父母亲早年接受教育的形式及居住环境有很大关系。同时,文化差异是影响族群交往意愿的重要因素。     

The impact of sense of coherence and high-demand/low-control job environment on self-reported health,burnout and psychophysiological stress indicators

Sense of Coherence (SOC) is a new concept belonging to a salutogenic paradigm, proposing to explain health as contrasted to disease, a pathogenic paradigm. The Job Demand-Control (JDC) model of job stress suggests that the combination of high job demands and low job control, defined as job strain, is strongly associated with adverse health consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between SOC and the JDC model in assessment of negative job effects within three pathogenically defined contexts: self-reported health, burnout and psychophysiological stress indicators, assessing the explanatory value of SOC for such variables. The study was conducted with 103 employees of social-welfare and social-insurance agencies in Sweden. A questionnaire related to job conditions, health and burnout was administered, and blood samples were collected and analysed for serum concentrations of cortisol, prolactin and immunoglobulin G. Multiple-regression models were calculated including variables from all three contexts. In the analyses, a distinction was made between emotional job strain and quantitative job strain. The SOC interacted with emotional job strain, but the interaction also increased the independent effect of emotional job strain. The independent effect of SOC disappeared in most models when interaction was included. It is concluded that studies of job strain-effects according to the JDC model should include the SOC as an interaction factor.     

Combining analytical hierarchy process and Choquet integral within non-additive robust ordinal regression

We consider multiple criteria decision aiding in the case of interaction between criteria. In this case the usual weighted sum cannot be used to aggregate evaluations on different criteria and other value functions with a more complex formulation have to be considered. The Choquet integral is the most used technique and also the most widespread in the literature. However, the application of the Choquet integral presents two main problems being the necessity to determine the capacity, which is the function that assigns a weight not only to all single criteria but also to all subset of criteria, and the necessity to express on the same scale evaluations on different criteria. While with respect to the first problem we adopt the recently introduced Non-Additive Robust Ordinal Regression (NAROR) taking into account all the capacities compatible with the preference information provided by the DM, with respect to the second one we build the common scale for the considered criteria using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). We propose to use AHP on a set of reference points in the scale of each criterion and to use an interpolation to obtain the other values. This permits to reduce considerably the number of pairwise comparisons usually required by the DM when applying AHP. An illustrative example details the application of the proposed methodology.     

An improved Cp criterion for spline smoothing

Spline smoothing is a popular technique for curve fitting, in which selection of the smoothing parameter is crucial. Many methods such as Mallows’ C_p, generalized maximum likelihood (GML), and the extended exponential (EE) criterion have been proposed to select this parameter. Although C_p is shown to be asymptotically optimal, it is usually outperformed by other selection criteria for small to moderate sample sizes due to its high variability. On the other hand, GML and EE are more stable than C_p, but they do not possess the same asymptotic optimality as C_p. Instead of selecting this smoothing parameter directly using C_p, we propose to select among a small class of selection criteria based on Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE). Due to the selection effect, the spline estimate obtained from a criterion in this class is nonlinear. Thus, the effective degrees of freedom in SURE contains an adjustment term in addition to the trace of the smoothing matrix, which cannot be ignored in small to moderate sample sizes. The resulting criterion, which we call adaptive C_p, is shown to have an analytic expression, and hence can be efficiently computed. Moreover, adaptive C_p is not only demonstrated to be superior and more stable than commonly used selection criteria in a simulation study, but also shown to possess the same asymptotic optimality as C_p.     

论董仲舒的法政思想及其历史意义简

董仲舒是汉代治《公羊春秋》的一代鸿儒,其思想主张在《天人三策》中初显,后在《春秋繁露》中更加成熟和系统化。他的政权三重正当性论为君主专制统治的正当性提供了完整的、体系化的理论依据;天人感应论和灾异说不仅有力地论证了君权天授,还起到制约君主专制和指导统治方略之德礼政刑的作用;“中民之性”的人性论直接继承和发展了孔子的思想,为国家礼法制度提供了人性论依据;《春秋》决狱不仅纠正了汉承秦制以来法律的教条和僵化,而且开启了传统中国衡平司法的先河。     

1990年以来中国-新加坡民间关系的发展——以中国新移民与当地华人社会的互动为例

中国与新加坡建交以来,两国经济往来和文化交流日趋频繁,特别是近30万中国新移民为这种互动奠定了彼此交往的民间基础。中国新移民与新加坡华人的社会互动,说明了国家关系与民间关系互为依存,民间关系在由弱向强的转化过程中,促动了国家关系的发展。中、新两国民间交流有必要率先透过不断磨合与各种渠道,逐渐走向融汇与亲和,以国家关系发展来体现民间交流的价值。中国新移民对于民间关系和国家关系的意义和功用,不可低估。     

哈贝马斯对马克思认识论思想的重构

哈贝马斯认为,认识论是对认识的可能性条件的反思(批判性研究),这个反思的彻底性在于揭示认识的社会历史条件。马克思通过对劳动的综合作用的阐发不仅推进了黑格尔对康德认识论的批判,而且确立了从社会理论出发来构建认识批判的维度。虽然在马克思那里存在着劳动与相互作用双重因素,并且他借此说明了认识批判的社会历史意义,但他将相互作用归结为劳动,从而把批判的科学等同于自然科学。因此,必须重构马克思的认识论思想,区分劳动与相互作用,区分知识的不同类型,反思认识主体的社会历史性。所以,彻底的认识批判只有作为社会理论才是可能的。     

试论东西方经济学的关系及其意义

经济学是随着市场经济的产生、发展和完善而产生发展和完善的社会科学。现代经济学并存着东方经济学和西方经济学两种体系 ,它们都为人类的发展和进步 ,做过巨大的贡献 ;二者之间存在着深远的历史渊源 ,也存在着明显的区别     

文化体制改革与文化创新

作者从哲学层面论证了文化创新和文化体制的内涵,论证了文化体制改革与文化创新相辅相成,二者间存在互动关系;论证了深化文化体制改革、促进文化创新的必要性、重要性及其根本途径和具体措施。