A nonparametric test for interaction in two‐way layouts

The authors present a new nonparametric approach to test for interaction in two‐way layouts. Based on the concept of composite linear rank statistics, they combine the correlated row and column ranking information to construct the test statistic. They determine the limiting distributions of the proposed test statistic under the null hypothesis and Pitman alternatives. They also propose consistent estimators for the limiting covariance matrices associated with the test. They illustrate the application of their test in practical settings using a microarray data set.     

In Memoriam: George Zyskind 1929–1974

Improving the quality of presentations is an important goal of the American Statistical Association. This article summarizes information presented in workshops held at annual meetings to provide guidance for the presentation of statistical papers to general and technical audiences. Four key areas are emphasized in these workshops: (1) careful selection and organization of key themes and results to be presented; (b) construction and use of high-quality visual aids; (c) use of handouts for methodologic details; tables, graphs, and references; and (d) rehearsal, critique, and revision of oral delivery.     

Interaction Terms in Distance-Based Regression

We propose a method of including polynomial and interaction terms in Distance-Based Regression (Cuadras and Arenas, 1990 Cuadras , C. M. , Arenas , C. ( 1990 ). A distance based regression model for prediction with mixed data . Commun. Statist. A Theor. Meth. 19 : 2261 – 2279 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), relying on properties of a semi-Hadamard or Khatri-Rao product of matrices. We demonstrate its application to real data examples.     

Nonparametric rank-based test procedures for non-additive models in the two-way layout I. no replications

One of the major unresolved problems in the area of nonparametric statistics is the need for satisfactory rank-based test procedures for non-additive models in the two-way layout, especially when there is only one observation on each combination of the levels of the experimental factors. In this paper we consider an arbitrary non-additive model for the two-way layout with n levels of each factor. We utilize both alignment and ranking of the data together with basic properties of Latin squares to develop rank tests for interaction (non-additivity). Our technique involves first aligning within one of the main effects, ranking within the other main effects (columns and rows) and then adding the resulting ranks within “interaction bands” corresponding to orthogonal partitions of the interaction for the model, as denoted by the letters of an n × n Latin square. A Friedman-type statistic is then computed on the resulting sums. This is repeated for each of (n?1) mutually orthogonal Latin squares (thus accounting for all the interaction degrees of freedom). The resulting (n?1) Friedman-type statistics are finally combined to obtain an overall test statistic. The necessary null distribution tables for applying the proposed test for non-additivity are presented and we discuss the results of a Monte Carlo simulation study of the relative powers of this new procedure and other (parametric and nonparametric) procedures designed to detect interaction in a two-way layout with one observation per cell.     

The impact of sense of coherence and high-demand/low-control job environment on self-reported health, burnout and psychophysiological stress indicators

Sense of Coherence (SOC) is a new concept belonging to a salutogenic paradigm, proposing to explain health as contrasted to disease, a pathogenic paradigm. The Job Demand-Control (JDC) model of job stress suggests that the combination of high job demands and low job control, defined as job strain, is strongly associated with adverse health consequences. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between SOC and the JDC model in assessment of negative job effects within three pathogenically defined contexts: self-reported health, burnout and psychophysiological stress indicators, assessing the explanatory value of SOC for such variables. The study was conducted with 103 employees of social-welfare and social-insurance agencies in Sweden. A questionnaire related to job conditions, health and burnout was administered, and blood samples were collected and analysed for serum concentrations of cortisol, prolactin and immunoglobulin G. Multiple-regression models were calculated including variables from all three contexts. In the analyses, a distinction was made between emotional job strain and quantitative job strain. The SOC interacted with emotional job strain, but the interaction also increased the independent effect of emotional job strain. The independent effect of SOC disappeared in most models when interaction was included. It is concluded that studies of job strain-effects according to the JDC model should include the SOC as an interaction factor.     

Flexible modelling of neuron firing rates across different experimental conditions: an application to neural activity in the prefrontal cortex during a discrimination task

Summary.  In many electrophysiological experiments the main objectives include estimation of the firing rate of a single neuron, as well as a comparison of its temporal evolution across different experimental conditions. To accomplish these two goals, we propose a flexible approach based on the logistic generalized additive model including condition-by-time interactions. If an interaction of this type is detected in the model, we then establish that the use of the temporal odds ratio curves is very useful in discriminating between the conditions under which the firing probability is higher. Bootstrap techniques are used for testing for interactions and constructing pointwise confidence bands for the true odds ratio curves. Finally, we apply the new methodology to assessing relationships between neural response and decision-making in movement-selective neurons in the prefrontal cortex of behaving monkeys.     

试析互动教学在体育教学中的应用

从学校体育教育教学的特点出发,依据互动教学的基本理念,从五个方面阐述了体育课程实施互动教学的要义。认为,主导与主体相结合的互动,课堂和谐氛围的互动,师生真挚情感的互动,个性发展的行为互动,多元化学习评价的互动,对调动教师＂教＂与学生＂学＂的积极性,优化课堂教学效果,全面提高教学质量有极为重要的作用。     

“三元互动整合”的社会工作专业本土实践教学体系的探索与创新

在明确＂三元互动整合＂的社会工作专业本土实践教学设计要素基础上,本文以《社区工作》课程教学为例,阐述了其实践教学模式的实施以及诸环节的互动,展示了＂课堂教学＂、＂实验教学＂和＂实践教学＂在学院、政府和社会机构等多主体参与下的互动整合机制,并对这一机制进行了评估和反思。     

马克思自然美思想探微

马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中提出的＂自然的人化＂、＂人的本质力量对象化＂、＂能感受形式美的眼睛＂、＂有音乐感的耳朵＂、＂忧心忡忡的穷人甚至对最美丽的景色也无动于衷＂等著名美学命题,不仅肯定了自然美的客观存在,而且还强调了人与自然的交互作用。而消除人与自然的对立矛盾,加强审美教育是关键。     

政治、民间文化与乡村社会——以甘肃环县道情皮影戏为例(1949-1976)

甘肃环县道情皮影戏作为地方文化的代表之一,其产生、发展、兴盛与乡村社会有着直接而密切的联系,较真实地反映了乡村社会生活的多元图景。建国后,环县道情皮影戏受到了国家的改造。处于国家改造下的皮影戏在形式和内容方面都随之发生了深刻变化,娱乐功能的主导地位被政治教化功能所取代,政治以一种前所未有的方式介入到地方文艺中,融入乡村生活中。本文以1949年至1976年的甘肃环县道情皮影戏为考察对象,分析在革命话语的大背景下,民间文化在内容、形式和功能方面的转变及其政治与民间文化的结合和国家与民间社会的互动。