是封建复辟还是价值传承--基于“夏俊峰”案的“存留养亲”制度分析

“存留养亲”制度自北魏时期开始出现在封建法典之中,至清末修律时方得废除。在漫长的封建社会中,该制度中所蕴含的“孝”的观念及人文主义精神对维护封建统治和封建伦常起到重要作用。时至今日,“存留养亲”作为封建社会的一项制度已不能为我国刑法所适用,但该制度中蕴含的传统法律文化精神对我国“孝”文化的传承与发扬,对我国当前社会转型特殊时期出现的部分矛盾的缓解,对人伦道德的价值追溯均不无裨益。这也为我国刑法合理的借鉴或吸收“存留养亲”制度提供了基础。当然,刑法对“存留养亲”制度的吸收与借鉴也要考虑到我国现阶段的社会现实情况,对可适用“存留养亲”的死刑犯人也要制定相对完备的法律制度。     

建立和完善我国农业保险制度的基本思路

目前我国农业保险市场大幅萎缩,适应不了新形势下提出的新要求。如何借鉴国外经验,建立和完善我国的农业保险制度具有十分重要的意义。文章认为,目前建立和完善我国农业保险制度的基本思路是:实行农业保险补贴制度;成立政策性农业保险机构;建立多元化农业保险组织网络体系;建立农业巨灾风险基金;实行农业政策性保险业务商业化运作模式;加快农业保险法律法规建设;采取强制性为主、自愿性为辅的农业保险方式;做好农业保险宣传工作。     

个人和家庭能力的整合:单亲家庭社会工作介入方法

社会工作在为单亲家庭进行服务时,面临专业身份认可度低、可利用公共资源不足、难以保持家庭与个体平衡发展三大困境。以能力视角理论为依据,通过对单亲家庭实施辅导,在实践中探索出以能力为中心的社会工作介入模式。这种新模式通过关注点的转变和积极关注、迅速建立信任合作关系、运用循环策略挖掘潜能等方法灵活地处理单亲家庭生活中的问题,有力地促进了个人和家庭能力的整合,有效地解决了针对单亲家庭的社会工作实务困境。     

农村留守老人困境的社会工作干预实验——基于安徽省X县G乡S自然村的实证研究

利用社会工作中的小组工作和地区发展模式,对X县G乡S自然村留守老人的困境进行干预,实验证明,干预工作提升了留守老人解决问题和应对压力的能力;构建和完善了帮助留守老人解决问题和应对压力的社会支持系统。实验结果还证明,社会工作干预方法费时短、成本低、效益高,对解决农村留守老人问题有较强可行性。     

人口老龄化的经济社会后果——基于多层面与多维度视角的分析

人口老龄化的加剧对中国社会形成了巨大冲击。文章利用宏微观数据,系统梳理了人口老龄化对中国经济社会与文化、社区治理和家庭福祉的影响。研究发现:随着持续近40年的人口红利逐渐消失,中国宏观经济增长、社会保障体系、文化形态和公共政策都发生了诸多改变;社区服务供给和社区治理的复杂性也日渐提高;家庭养老资源日益萎缩,护理员面临总量短缺和结构失衡,照护活动给照料者的身心健康带来负向溢出效应。尽管人口老龄化给社会带来了诸多改变,但应乐观、科学辨证地审视这一现象。积极应对人口老龄化,应从推动产业转型升级、完善为老服务体制机制、提升养老服务质量等方面入手,真正让老年人共享社会经济发展的成果。     

Household structure and consumption insurance of the elderly

This paper examines the role of household formation in providing consumption insurance to the elderly. Using data from the Consumer Expenditure Surveys, raw tabulations of per adult equivalent consumption indicate that the elderly who live alone have higher levels of well-being relative to those who live with others. This is misleading, however, because the decision to live alone is clearly endogenous. The empirical estimation accounts for this endogeneity using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The results provide evidence that household formation plays a significant role in maintaining consumption levels. Without the opportunity to live with others, the welfare gap measured by the difference between per adult equivalent consumption levels of dependent and independent livers would be even larger. These findings suggest that co-residing with others effectively supplements social security, pensions, and private savings and helps the elderly to smooth consumption in old age.

Data Driven Modeling: An Application in Scheduling

This paper presents a data driven modeling (DDM) approach to certain types of optimization problems. DDM relinquishes control of the completed model to the user department rather than the operations research (OR) staff. The approach emphasizes development of models that are dependent on data maintained and understood by the users. The data base consists of coded user rules which describe when changes will occur in the problem structure and data which captures the generalization of the problem. Both the rules and data can be updated by user department personnel. These data drive a matrix generator controlled by the rules which uses the data base as input to generate the specific model formulation. This DDM system is designed by OR consultants or staff to allow independence of use along with low-cost and minimal-effort maintenance. The DDM approach is illustrated with an application to a real-world medical scheduling problem.     

Wealth Holdings and Portfolio Allocation of the Elderly: The Role of Marital History

This paper investigates the role of marital history in terms of explaining differences in wealth holdings and portfolio allocation of older individuals by studying data from the first wave of Health and Retirement Study which was conducted in 1992. The results generally suggest that both men and women suffer from the negative shocks of past marital dissolutions in terms of household wealth accumulation. The significance level, however, differs across currently married couples, single males, and single females. The examination of the asset components of net worth also indicates that both the probability of owning a particular asset and the fraction of wealth allocated to that asset might vary depending on the elderly individuals’ marital history.

家庭结构对老年人代际支持的影响研究

本文利用中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）项目2008年的数据,分析了家庭结构的变迁（表现为居住安排与子女数量两方面）对老年人所获得的来自子女的代际支持的影响。研究结论显示,是否与子女同住会影响老年人获得的经济支持、情感支持与照料支持,而子女数量对代际支持的获得有正向作用。