1994～2004年中国老年人的生活自理预期寿命及其变化

本文应用2004年和1994年国家统计局全国人口变动抽样调查中有关老年人生活自理能力的数据,采用Sullivan法对老年人的生活自理预期寿命进行了分析,并且比较了1994年到2004年生活自理预期寿命的变化。研究发现,2004年中国男性老年人平均有1.5年生活不能自理,女性老年人平均为2.5年。随着年龄的增长,中国老年人的生活自理预期寿命占余寿的比重也在逐渐下降。女性老年人的预期寿命比男性高,生活自理预期寿命在60~80岁也高于男性,但是85岁及以上女性的生活自理预期寿命低于男性,而且女性老年人生活自理预期寿命占余寿的比重在整个老年阶段均低于男性老年人。从10年间的变化看,中国老年人的预期寿命和生活自理预期寿命都有所增长,但是生活自理预期寿命在余寿中的比重反而下降了,而且随年龄的增长,下降得也越来越快,男性和女性均呈现同样的态势。就平均水平而言,健康状况改善的程度低于寿命的延长,高龄女性老年人在这个方面尤其处于劣势。     

城市老人对非家庭养老方式的态度及其影响因素

根据“厦门市城区老年人生活及供养状况”抽样调查的资料,运用多变量的Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归方法,对影响老年人选择非家庭养老方式的因素进行定量分析,认为老年公寓和养老院是其主要选项。并在此基础上,对发展我国非家庭养老事业提出若干建议。     

村落视野下的农民机构养老意愿研究——基于鄂、川、赣三省抽样调查的实证分析

本文基于对鄂、川、赣三省34个村庄农民的问卷调查数据,运用定序Logistic回归模型,分析了村庄因素尤其是宗族对于农村居民入住养老机构意愿的影响。研究发现:虽然现阶段机构养老成为了部分农村居民的养老选择,但总体来看,多数农民入住养老机构的意愿较低。村庄的宗族结构和功能在一定程度上影响农村居民入住养老机构的意愿。有非正式宗族网络的农村居民比没有宗族网络的农村居民入住养老机构的意愿低,有正式宗族组织的农村居民入住意愿最低。宗族在公共服务中的功能越强,农村居民入住养老机构的意愿越低。同时,家庭在村庄中的经济社会地位处于非下层的农村居民比处于下层的农村居民入住意愿更低。     

社会支持对我国高龄老人死亡风险影响的Cox模型分析

文章运用中国高龄老人健康长寿跟踪调查纵向数据（1998～2005年）,对年龄范围在80～105岁的高龄老人进行考察,并基于Cox模型对社会支持于高龄老人死亡风险的影响机制进行探讨,对西方学者提出的社会支持的影响机制模型进行实证检验。结果表明,从我国的现实意义来看,社会支持对健康的影响是针对不健康的人群起到了缓冲作用,社会支持和健康变量之间存在着交互作用。另外,社会支持中的生活照料和情感支持对改善我国高龄老人的健康状况具有显著效果。     

Intergenerational Programs Review: Study Design and Characteristics of Intervention,Outcomes, and Effectiveness

There is a growing interest in intergenerational connectivity through intergenerational programs. In this work, a review of intergenerational programs was performed, with focus on the program design and objectives as well as in their outcomes.

We used a systematic review method in which we screened 3,796 articles. After analyzing titles, abstracts, and full paper analysis, 16 articles were retained. Each study was reviewed, and data were extracted related to target population, study design, characteristics of intervention, outcomes, and effectiveness.

Intergenerational programs included educational programs and art, Information technology development, cultural heritage, health education, and therapeutic activities. Most of the programs collected both quantitative and/or qualitative data. Seven studies collected data in the beginning and at the end of the program. Significant diversity in sample size and intervention length was found. Measurement of outcomes was performed in both young and/or elderly group of participants. Programs impact evaluation varied between studies, including validated scales, interviews, observation, focus groups, and conversation analysis, narratives, videotaped sessions, and field notes.

Our study highlighted the diversity in the design of studies and in the program’s effectiveness evaluation. More randomized design studies are required to support researchers and practitioners in the development of future intergenerational programs.     

Thinking critically about cross-cultural implementation—Swedish social workers’ experiences of testing the Kids’ Club method for helping child and mother victims of intimate partner violence

There are calls for evidence-based methods for helping children to deal with experiences of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in many countries. Therefore, it has been commonplace to implement such methods from outside of their home country. The aim of this study is to examine Swedish social workers’ experiences of testing the American Kids’ Club method for child and mother victims of IPV. After having tested leading Kids’ Club groups, seventeen social workers at four different locations were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The results indicate that the social workers generally accepted the method. This was related both to some general features of the method and to their perceiving it as somewhat flexible. According to the social workers, the method needs some cultural adaptation to better suit the Swedish social services setting, otherwise it cannot be fully accepted. Finally, they thought that successful implementation depended on an organizational structure that enabled enough children to be referred to the programme as well as either high personal commitment or an organization that prioritized the method. Based on these results, we conclude that importing an American evidence-based group method to help children exposed to IPV to Sweden demands attention to issues of cultural adaption.     

Global comparisons of medians and other quantiles in a one-way design when there are tied values

For J ? 2 independent groups, the article deals with testing the global hypothesis that all J groups have a common population median or identical quantiles, with an emphasis on the quartiles. Classic rank-based methods are sometimes suggested for comparing medians, but it is well known that under general conditions they do not adequately address this goal. Extant methods based on the usual sample median are unsatisfactory when there are tied values except for the special case J = 2. A variation of the percentile bootstrap used in conjunction with the Harrell–Davis quantile estimator performs well in simulations. The method is illustrated with data from the Well Elderly 2 study.     

我国农村传统养老模式与照料者心理的相关性分析——来自弋阳县的调查数据

随着我国人口老龄化程度的逐渐加剧,人口结构正处在急剧的转型中,尤其在农村,由于传统居家养老模式功能的不断弱化和农村劳动力不断的迁移,导致农村养老照料问题存在极大的问题。本研究将从老人照料者的心理状况入手,分析有关照料着的心理与养老质量之间存在的相关关系,样本来自于江西省上饶市弋阳县三县岭乡的调查研究,研究提出相关系数统计,分析了农村传统养老模式与照料者的相关性因素,从而得出农村传统养老模式照料者的心理健康影响因素及其对照料质量的影响,并就相关影响因素提出了相应的措施对策。     

敬老院老年人精神生活状况的调查与思考——以长沙市F敬老院为例

人口老龄化是世界性问题,中国已经步入老龄社会,人口老龄化压力已经显现,并将随着老龄化的发展而不断加重。机构养老成为越来越多的老年人的选择。为了了解机构老年人的精神生活状况,笔者对长沙市F区敬老院进行了调查。调查发现,老年人对敬老院的日常生活照料满意度较高;但老年人精神生活存在的问题比较多,如：社会交往少、精神负担重、敬老院精神服务能力与水平有限等等。要改善老年人的精神生活状况,一是要加强护理人员的专业培训,提高护理人员的专业水平;二是建立专业的社工站,拓展老年人精神生活的专业支持;三是构建多元服务模式,丰富老年人精神生活;四是建构老年人社会支持网,发挥社会支持系统的作用。     

大学生人际归因与社会支持的关系研究

采用多维多向归因量表(MMCS)中的人际关系归因分量表及社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对298名大学生人际关系归因倾向和社会支持状况及其之间的关系作了测量分析。结果显示:人际归因和社会支持之间存在显著的相关,越是将人际关系倾向归因于外部不可控的因素,以及失败时归因于内部的、稳定的、不可控的原因(能力)的大学生,获得的社会支持就越少。