社会参与影响老年人健康的信任机制研究——基于2015年CGSS数据的实证分析

社会参与促进老年人在社会生活和社会互动中发挥重要作用,对其健康产生积影响。社会参与是在"陌生人社会"转型的宏观背景下,在微观社会情景中"再熟人化"的空间实践,参与活动将分散在各个私人空间的老年人吸纳在一起,以趣缘活动增进相互之间信任,形成不同形式的交往圈子。老年人通过参与各种活动,能够扩大生活圈子并融入社会,增进陌生人之间的互动、信任和集体情感,实现社会融合。政府和社会应多关怀老年人的精神需要,培育和建构老年人生活和交往互动的活动圈子。     

三峡库区资源环境可持续发展决策支持系统研究

三峡库区地位的重要性与库区现实状况的严峻性迫切需要一种新的思路从策略和技术层面上来指导库区社会经济可持续发展,决策支持系统(DSS)已成为现代管理中科学的决策手段。为此,本文提出建立"三峡库区资源环境可持续发展决策支持系统"的构想,探索在特殊区域中资源环境与经济可持续发展相协调的新模式。     

How Retired Households and Households Approaching Retirement Handle Their Equity Investments in the United States

This study examines how U.S. retired households and households approaching retirement change their equity holdings over time. Applying a decomposition analysis on the repeated cross-sectional U.S. Survey of Consumer Finances from 1989 to 2004, this study presents the effects of change in population size including mortality, change in financial wealth, and change in preference on the change in aggregate financial asset share invested in equity. A formal regression-based decomposition is also provided. It was found that there is a convex relationship between age and equity holdings as a share to financial assets for the older population. In addition, the risk-taking attitude-equity holdings profile shifted upward during the period of 1989 to 2004 for the older population. It is further documented that 70% of those senior equity investors chose financing retirement and financing future liquidity as the primary saving goals. Therefore, longevity pattern plays an important role for older population to hold equity.

Economic Status of Older Asians in the United States

Data from the 5-percent Census 2000 Public Use Microdata were utilized to examine the economic status of six Asian-only groups in the United States aged 65 and older. Japanese Americans’ economic status emulated that of older Whites; whereas, older Korean and Vietnamese economic status more closely resembled that of older Blacks. Regression results indicated that education, household size, and duration of immigration were significantly and positively related to household income for most of the Asian-only groups, supporting the theory that human capital, structural barriers, and acculturation all play a role in determination of household income for older Asian Americans.

女性丧偶老年人的养老保障状况分析①

女性丧偶老年人是老年人口中的双重弱势群体。利用中国老龄科学研究中心2006年“中国城乡老年人口状况追踪调查”数据以及对18位女性丧偶老年人的深度访谈资料．发现我国女性丧偶老年人普遍存在着经济收入低、保障水平差、自评经济状况“困难”比例大的特点。此外,女性老年人在丧偶之后的生活质量、身心健康以及对生活状况的主观评价也会发生重大变化。在完善社会保障制度的过程中强调性别平等观念,建立遗属养老金制度,是解决女性丧偶老年人经济、生活困难的一个主要措施。     

农村多子女家庭代际交换中的新性别差异研究

现实的农村社会,家庭代际交换中的性别差异正在经历变革：在父系家族体系下原本只提供辅助性养老支持的女儿,如今越来越多地在分担兄弟上学、结婚和赡养父母等方面扮演重要角色。但是,承担了赡养义务的女儿却并没因此就享有了与儿子同等的财产继承权,而且父母对子女的抚养态度也依然延续着重男轻女的传统。本文通过对一个农村多子女家庭的个案研究对此进行了深入分析．从养老遭遇困境时父母的能动选择、“传宗接代”观念的根深蒂固及女儿养老的可行性等方面阐释了该现象出现的必然性。     

北京市老年户外休闲行为特征的时空变异分析——以2000年和2010年为例

2000年至今,伴随北京市老年人口收入提高和休闲设施的改善,北京市区老年人的休闲生活质量与十年前相比有了明显提高。通过2000年和2010年对北京市区的900多位老年人进行公园绿地抽样调查与比较分析,发现北京市老年人的户外休闲行为的新特征主要表现为闲暇时间增多、休闲区位半径扩大、休闲活动偏好个性化和休闲消费多元化。为适应老年休闲需求多样化的发展趋势,城市建设中应加强对老年休闲活动的组织与管理,注重社区休闲功能与公园休闲功能的互补结合。     

浙江农村空巢老人帮扶服务体系建设实证研究

本文基于对浙江余姚、临海、江山三县(市)农村空巢老人帮扶服务试点的调查资料,分析了我省农村空巢老人帮扶服务现状及存在的主要问题。研究发现,空巢化已成为农村老人一种普遍的生存状态,但目前农村空巢老人帮扶实践普遍存在着服务功能定位不清、社会化水平低下、市场发展滞后等问题,难以满足农村空巢老人多元化帮扶服务需求。本文针对实践中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策建议。     

Group Support Systems,Power, and Influence in an Organization: A Field Study

Emerging group technologies are attracting attention from researchers and practitioners for the benefits they potentially offer in terms of communications, productivity, and decision-making capabilities within an organization. To date, research in this area has focused on process or outcome variables, substantively ignoring organizational context issues. This paper reports on a field study that investigated users' perceptions of the impact of group support systems on power and influence within the organization. The study was conducted within a division of a major U.S. software company specializing in the development of business software tools for desktop PCs. Fifteen purposively selected managers and nonmanagers, spanning diverse functional areas, were extensively interviewed for this study. Evidence gathered suggested that group support systems are perceived to exert an equalizing force on power and influence by (1) increasing participation in the decision-making process, (2) improving access to information, (3) improving access to persons, (4) reducing the “power distance” to key individuals, and (5) providing increased opportunities to influence the opinions of others. These results provide a basis for future studies that will attempt to clarify the relationships between organizational context and group technology usage.