自救行为论

自救行为是一种排除社会危害性的正当行为。虽然这是现实生活中常见的现象,但刑法理论却对其涉及甚少。因此,基于对自救行为概念的界定,分析了其构成的要件,论述了其排除犯罪性的根据。     

“隋唐燕乐”的不同系统与词的起源

词的产生受"隋唐燕乐"的影响,研究词起源不得不对"隋唐燕乐"进行考察.词的起源与词体的正式确立应视为两个概念.词的起源与音乐的关系最为密切,应主要关注词如何由音乐生成;词体的正式则为文体学的问题,重点在于区别词是如何独立成为一种文体.有唐一代并无"隋唐燕乐"的概念,是后人为了称谓及研究的方便而提出的."隋唐燕乐"包罗万象,主要有两大系统:一为宫廷音乐系统,一为民间音乐系统.二者各自对词的形成产生不同的影响.词体雏形孕育于民间,词起源的时间,其上限只能是初唐,下限只能是盛唐,词体的正式成立在中晚唐.     

当代中国"寻租型"职务犯罪衍生机理与控制对策

寻租型职务犯罪是一种新型的职务犯罪形式,其衍生是多元因素共同作用的结果,资源的国家配置体制是其制度基础,经济转轨时期价值观念的异变以及配套教育机制、激励机制的滞后与缺失而导致的公职人员抵御能力的下降是其内在动因,而改革中的一系列制度缺陷而创造的寻租机会使犯罪得以完成.从犯罪预防与控制的角度出发,将这些因素区分为可控因素、不可控因素和可调整因素,运用不同的对策加以抑制,是预防和控制犯罪的关键.     

A simple theory of ‘meso’. On the co-evolution of institutions and platform size—With an application to varieties of capitalism and ‘medium-sized’ countries

This paper deals with institutional emergence in the well-known ‘evolution of cooperation’ framework and focuses on its size dimension. It is argued that some ‘meso’ (rather than ‘macro’) level (to be numerically determined) is the proper level of cultural emergence, diffusion, and retention. Also Schumpeterian economists (K. Dopfer et al.) have discussed institutions as ‘meso’ phenomena, and Schelling, Axelrod, Arthur, Lindgren, and many others have dealt with ‘critical masses’ of coordinated agents, including related segregations of populations. However, the process and logic of emergent group size has rarely been explicitly explored so far. In this paper, ‘meso’ will be explained, in an evolutionary and game–theoretic frame and a population perspective, in terms of a cooperating group smaller than the whole population involved. Mechanisms such as memory, monitoring, reputation chains, and active partner selection will loosen the total connectivity of the deterministic ‘single-shot’ benchmark and thus allow for emergent ‘meso’-sized arenas, while expectations to meet a cooperative partner next round remain sufficiently high. Applications of ‘meso-nomia’ include the deep structure of ‘general trust’ and the surprisingly high macro-economic and macro-social performance in ‘small’ and ‘well-networked’ countries which helps to explain persistent ‘varieties of capitalism’. A strategy for empirical application of the theoretical approach and some first empirical indications of its relevance are presented.     

The behavioral response of emerging pine snakes (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pituophis melanoleucus</Emphasis>) to people: implications for survival and protection

Considerable attention has been devoted to the effects of people on birds and mammals, usually in wilderness areas. In contrast, human disturbance of reptiles has largely been ignored. Many reptiles, such as snakes, are hard to conserve because they are difficult to locate and protect. The young are especially vulnerable to predators when they first hatch and must emerge from nest sites. In this paper, the response of pine snake (Pituophis melanoleucus) hatchlings to the presence and handling by people was observed in the laboratory and in the field. Pine snakes lay their eggs in underground burrows in open sandy pine barrens, and the hatchlings push their way to the surface to emerge. Hatchlings that were visually-disturbed or touched as they emerged returned immediately to their tunnels and nests, and required more time to re-emerge than did their siblings that were not visually-disturbed or touched during their initial disturbance. In nature, undisturbed pine snakes showed similar re-emergence times to those from the laboratory, and disturbed snakes required longer to re-emerge. These data suggest that in nature even the presence of people in nesting areas of pine snakes would lengthen the time the young are in burrows, exposing them to additional threats from predators. This suggests that parks or nature reserves with vulnerable snake populations should restrict human disturbance during the period when young snakes are emerging from their nests. Field observations indicate that a set-back distance of more than 12 m from known nesting areas is essential to protect emerging hatchlings.     

Flying through Ash Clouds: Improvising Aeromobilities in Singapore and Australasia

Scholars have recently been concerned with how the aviation industry is assembled through a series of tightly coupled processes and relations that render it fragile and prone to disruptions. While not disagreeing with this view, this paper explores some alternative ways aviation can be reunderstood as something more emergent and adaptable. Two ash cloud events, in Singapore and Australasia, are elucidated to show how breakdowns in air travel seldom unfold without intervening human actions and spontaneous reformations. Suggesting that aerial systems are thus continually renewed, this paper seeks to recognize in (aero)mobilities their potential for improvisation, even as it acknowledges their riskiness.     

中国现代文学的发生

何谓“现代”？何谓“现代性”？回顾中国现代文学，我们应该思考这些问题。世界各国进入“现代”的时间和方式都是不同的，这与工业文明的兴起、理性启蒙的普及、人类愈来愈组织化的生活模式都有着密切的关联。所以，我们必须在“人类现代文明”的总体框架之下来看待和学习中国现代文学，才能比较准确地把握中国现代文学的发生和发展，从而进一步去探索中国现代文学以致当代文学的演变规律。中国现代文学究竟是什么时候“发生”和怎样“发生”的，现代文学的许多重要作家、理论家、文学史家都给出了不同的回答。     

Evaluating the Emergence of Reverse Intraverbals in Children with Autism

Verbal behavior plays a fundamental role in the development of complex social and communication skills. Many children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder exhibit profound deficiencies in intraverbal repertoires and the development of social relationships. Recent studies that investigated the effects of intraverbal training on the emergence of reverse intraverbals produced mixed results (e.g., Perez-Gonzalez et al., Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 40:697–701, 2007)). In the current study, a multiple-probe design across four participants with autism was used to evaluate the effects of intraverbal training on the emergence of reverse intraverbals. Intraverbal training consisted of multiple exemplars taught concurrently, bidirectional stimulus-response teaching formats, general case analysis, reinforcement, and a constant prompt delay (CPD) procedure. Participants were trained on intraverbal targets and probes were conducted to assess emergence of untaught reverse intraverbals. Three participants demonstrated the emergence of reverse intraverbals as a result of the intraverbal training procedures. Social validity and maintenance of target responses and emergent reverse intraverbals were assessed.     

元杂剧上场诗刍议

元杂剧中上场诗使用频率极高,使用比例相当大,但至今未引起人们的足够重视和专题研究。本文从上场诗的类型、体式、功用及重复情况四个方面进行了初步探讨,力图发掘总结出元杂剧上场诗的某些显著特征,以期引起人们对此问题的进一步研究。     

Where did “Tex-Mex” come from? The divisive emergence of a social category

Research on social categories has become one of the more active lines of research on organizations. Much of this research presumes the pre-existence of at least the “seed” of the category and then proceeds to study and explain how the category developed and became institutionalized. By contrast, this study joins several recent others in attempting to identify and explain why a previously non-existent social category emerged in the first place. Empirically, we examine the emergence of the Tex-Mex social category for food and cuisine. In studying Tex-Mex food, we present a brief analytical social history of the cuisine starting in Old Mexico and continuing up to contemporary times. We juxtapose the social facts that we report with prevailing theoretical ideas (social-activist theorization and similarity clustering) about category emergence drawn from organization theory. While insightful, we find current theoretical accounts to be incomplete in explaining why Tex-Mex emerged. By contrast, our analysis directs attention to the status dynamics of ethnic majority/minority populations, early inexpensive mass industrialization of the food and certain geographic factors. Casual comparisons to other ethnic food categories appear to support the speculative argument we advance.