环境法的修改与历史转型

我国可以新制定一部环境基本法或修改现行的<环境保护法>,使其成为名副其实的环境基本法,以实现环境法的历史转型.环境基本法的修改坚持国家生态安全与公民生态环境生存权相结合、环境保护与经济建设相结合、污染防治与生态保护建设相结合、国家干预与公众参与相结合、行政主导与市场机制相结合、国内环境法与国际环境法相结合等原则.环境基本法的基本框架应包括总则、政府环境保护管理的组织体制与决策机制、环境法基本制度、环境法律责任和环境损害救济、附则等部分.     

Evaluating the impact of utility company billing plans on residential energy consumption

Many utility companies offer their customers the choice of participation in an average payment plan, which enables them to pay a fixed sum for their utility bill each month (with final settlement at the end of the billing year), instead of the conventional “pay as you go” billing procedure. Because customers on average payment plans are protected from paying large bills during peak energy-use seasons and because the information about monthly energy use and its cost is perhaps less salient to them, it was hypothesized that customers on the average payment plan would use more electricity than customers not on the plan. Using a nonequivalent control group design, the electricity consumption of a selection of customers of two utility companies (Ns = 475 and 74) was examined. The results showed that there was no evidence to support the hypothesis. Since the logic of hypothesis testing does not permit the ready acceptance of the null hypothesis, several procedural, methodological, and statistical points were made to buttress the conclusion that the average payment plans had no effect on electricity consumption.     

“文革”农村小说：女性命运观照及伦理探索

"文革"农村小说对"社会主义"伦理道德的探索,是通过对如下几种女性命运进行观照而完成的:一种是出身于没落地主、富农家庭,在婚姻、"贞节"、生育等方面饱受封建伦理道德摧残的人格萎缩型女性;一种是经受过旧社会的煎熬,但在新社会终于获得了新生的妇女;还有一种是长在红旗下的年轻人,她们"家庭出身好,文化程度高,又有丰富的斗争实践经验",因而成为无产阶级革命事业当然的接班人。     

试论老子政治理论的基础是道德而非权术——从《管锥编·老子七章疏》对老子的误解谈起

本文共分为四小节,第一小节对钱钟书先生《管锥编》中疏释《老子》七章, 以“老子操持权术”为结论,提出商榷意见。第二小节对传统观念以《老子》三十六章为阴谋权术观点,提出反驳意见。第三小节对韩非通过增字和改字篡改《老子》原文,将《老子》理论改造成君王御臣之术的做法,进行了清理和批判。第四小节通过对老子“三宝”观念的疏释,结合王弼的注,论述老子理论中醇厚的道德内涵。     

发展中的国际成人环境教育

本文回顾了国际成人环境教育方面的一些主要活动 ,并分析了发展趋势     

论设计艺术的道德精神

设计艺术是人类的一种社会性行为,道德精神是设计创作和理论研究默认的前提。然而,由于学术界长期对此存而不论,道德精神几乎已经淡出当前设计艺术视野,这种状况对创作实践和理论研究都造成了深刻的负面影响,倡导和重塑设计艺术道德精神已十分必要。道德情怀是完美设计的必要元素,良好的设计艺术道德精神,可以从现实生活、美学理论和传统哲学中陶冶。     

Quantitative Methods for Environmental Justice Assessment of Transportation

Application of Executive Order 12898 to risk assessment of highway or rail transport of hazardous materials has proven difficult; in general, the location and conditions affecting the propagation of a plume of hazardous material released in a potential accident are unknown. Therefore, analyses have only been possible in a geographically broad or approximate manner. The advent of geographic information systems and development of software enhancements at Sandia National Laboratories have made kilometer-by-kilometer analysis of populations tallied by U.S. Census blocks along entire routes practicable. Tabulations of total or racially/ethnically distinct populations close to a route, its alternatives, or the broader surrounding area, can then be compared and differences evaluated statistically. This article presents methods of comparing populations and their racial/ethnic compositions using simple tabulations, histograms, and chi-square tests for statistical significance of differences found. Two examples of these methods are presented: comparison of two routes and comparison of a route with its surroundings.     

Ethics of research design

Discussions of ethical issues in research involving human subjects most usually provoke concerns about valid informed consent procedures. However, considering the recognized limitations of informed consent, arguably the way a study is designed is a more consequential concern for subject well‐being. This paper summarizes ethical issues in the design of clinical research, with reference to historic and current guidelines. Special attention is given to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and psychiatric research.     

超越思辨的社会理想——马克思的伦理思想探析

马克思的实践哲学是在对亚里士多德实践哲学批判继承的基础上进行的理论重建。其特点是将政治抱负和伦理理想二者有机地统一起来，即在政治革命中实现其社会理想，在追求社会理想中指引现实的社会革命。西方传统哲学在本质上就是用思想把握世界，马克思则通过对劳动概念的解读实现了哲学观的变革，并进而超越了西方传统哲学。在此种变革中，劳动概念亦成为理解马克思伦理思想的关键。     

山西水资源短缺的法律对策

水作为人类赖以生存的必要因素,已成为紧缺性资源,缺水问题成为我国乃至世界性问题。山西是中国严重缺水的省份之一。从考察山西省的缺水现状出发,通过分析其原因,法律的层面提出了应贯彻执行节约用水、水价交易、水环境影响评价和实施兴水战略,以期缓解山西的缺水危机。