Income inequality and participation: A comparison of 24 European countries

Previous research suggests that when there is a high level of inequality, there is a low rate of participation. Two arguments are generally offered: First, inequality depresses participation because people from different status groups have fewer opportunities to share common goals. Second, people may participate more in civic and social life when they have more resources. However, until now, these explanations have not been separated empirically. Using EU-SILC data for 24 European countries, we analyze how income inequality is related to civic and social participation. Our results indicate that the main effects of inequality manifest via resources at the individual and societal level. However, independent of these resources, higher inequality is associated with lower civic participation. Furthermore, inequality magnifies the relationship between income and participation. This finding is in line with the view that inter-individual processes explain why inequality diminishes participation.     

宋教仁的帝国主义论与民族解放思想

宋教仁对帝国主义的侵略特点和战争本质都有深刻的新认识.他在20世纪初敏锐地预见到国际战略格局的新变化,认为日、美、英等国在亚太地区的激烈争夺,必然导致日美之间的战争;同时剖析了欧洲德、奥、意"三国同盟"与英、法、俄"三国协约"的形成与矛盾的尖锐化.认为这必将导致世界大战的爆发.他提出,中国应该利用帝国主义之间的矛盾,配合世界性民族独立解放运动的新潮流,争取中华民族的独立与解放.     

Exit, Voice, Loyalty in Transition: A Theoretical Framework

On the grounds of borrowing and reforming Hirschman’s terminology, ‘exit, voice, loyalty’, we show both a conceptual and a methodological framework that can be used to raise questions in transitology studies. These issues include the following points: are there any models being developed concerning the transition countries?; are there any similar models in Western Europe?; is there any convergence between the models of both Eastern and Western Europe? If the answer to the last issue is yes, then in which areas? Or if it is a no, is it true that a special economic, social and also political system is developing in Eastern Europe? Another issue concerns how strong the growth potential of the different models is. It also examines which are the successful models and which are not, and what is the role of the economic and political elite in the development of these models. This study includes only the theoretical framework.     

论东欧新马克思主义的理论定位

"东欧新马克思主义"指的是第二次世界大战后在东欧国家兴起的一种马克思主义流派,其历史大体上分为两个时期:20世纪50-70年代,东欧新马克思主义作为稳定的学术派别存在,具体地说,包括南斯拉夫实践派、布达佩斯学派以及波兰和捷克斯洛伐克等国的新马克思主义;70年代后.东欧新马克思主义者作为个体融入到西方学术界,但其学术创作仍然有着东欧新马克思主义的深刻烙印.东欧新马克思主义与通常意义上的西方马克思主义以及70年代后欧美新马克思主义共同构成了20世纪新马克思主义的基本格局,其中,东欧新马克思主义鲜明的理论特色在于:其一,对马克思思想独特的、深刻的阐述;其二,对社会主义理论与实践、历史与命运的反思和对社会主义改革的理论设计;其三,对现代性的独特的理论反思.     

苏东演变的主要历史教训与反腐败问题

本文概述了苏东演变的两个主要历史教训。并根据我国国情，提出如何反对腐败，建立制度化、法律化的民主制的若干看法。     

仇视、狂热与压力——中古欧洲十字军反犹动机解析

关于十字军的反犹动机问题,学界观点纷呈。在各种观点中,基督教的反犹主义意识是主导因素,它推动了长达百年的反犹活动持续发生,而当时狂热浓厚的宗教氛围则为反犹暴行提供了合适＂土壤＂,商品经济所带来的巨大压力则成为了反犹的突破口。诸多因素综合作用遂导致反犹活动频繁上演。     

论文艺复兴时期欧洲炼金术的阿拉伯渊源

文艺复兴时期作为一个转型时期，对欧洲的政治、经济和文化等各个方面向近代转变都起着重要作用。这个时期，欧洲文化深受阿拉伯文化的影响，在科学方面自然也不例外，炼金术即为其中之一。阿拉伯炼金术除了吸收之前文化的精华外，还在此基础上更加重视实验的过程和结果。文艺复兴时期欧洲炼金术高度重视实验的做法，对当时和后来的社会生活的许多方面产生了重要影响。     

Consequences of religious and secular boundaries among the majority population for perceived discrimination among Muslim minorities in Western Europe

While the concept of symbolic boundaries and ethnic boundary-making is well established in social research, the direct consequences of these boundaries for the integration of migrants have not received much attention. This paper thus analyses whether religious and secular boundaries of national belonging among the majority population have an impact on perceived discrimination among Muslim minorities in Western Europe. To analyse this linkage, data from the International Social Survey Programme measuring the importance of religion as a symbolic boundary of national belonging among the majority have been aggregated as a regional context condition and combined with a Muslim minority subsample from the European Social Survey. The results of the multilevel models reveal that the salience of religious boundaries is associated with less perceived discrimination among Muslim minorities, while secular orientations among the majority seem to be more decisive for subjective perceptions of feeling discriminated against. Overall, the results thus challenge the role of religion as an ethno-religious demarcation and point to the relevance of secular boundaries of belonging for immigrant integration.     

关于斯大林"国家社会主义"的异化问题——兼评衣俊卿同志的《人道主义批判理论·东欧新马克思主义述评》

衣俊卿《人道主义批判理论·东欧新马克思主义述评》探讨"东欧新马克思主义"对"斯大林主义"的"人道主义"的深层批判.东欧新马克思主义认定,斯大林的"国家社会主义"从根本上违背了马克思主义的基本原则.斯大林化时代的斯大林主义的实践后果损害了苏联东欧的社会主义革命和实践,客观上造成了苏联的解体和东欧的剧变,对我们今天的社会主义革命和实践具有重要的的启示.     

东欧中亚国家阶级结构的变化

东欧中亚国家的社会面貌已经发生了全面而深刻的变化 ,阶级结构的变化便是这其中的重要内容。在推动阶级结构发生改变的诸多因素中 ,这些国家的历史传统、所确立的目标模式以及所推行的实际政策和具体操作方式发挥了突出的作用。今天东欧中亚国家阶级结构的面貌可以概括为 :两大基本板块 (即“上流社会”与“下层社会”的二元格局 )、四个主要阶级 (即官僚阶级、官僚资产阶级、新兴的资产阶级和小资产阶级以及雇佣劳动阶级 )。无论是就种类还是就属性而言 ,这些社会集团时下都带有鲜明的转型社会的特征。