浅析我国乡村治理发展中的问题

乡村治理是我国一个重大而紧迫的农村现代化问题。随着村民自治的实施与不断完善,我国农村基层民主制度更加体现了广大的农民的利益需求,推动了农村社会经济的发展。近年来我国乡村治理在取得可喜成就的同时,还存在着不可忽视的问题,发展中面对更多的挑战。在阐述乡村治理的相关内容之后,分析了制约我国乡村治理的一些问题,并针对这些问题提出了相应的对策和建议。     

西欧封建社会的多元结构及其开放性

西欧封建社会结构的多元性表现在:政治上,天主教会、封建领主与自治城市的鼎立;经济上,农奴经济、小农经济与商品经济的并存;文化上,天主教神学、日耳曼文化、希腊罗马文化、民族国家文化以及人文精神的共处。这种社会结构中政治、经济与文化各要素内部以及相互间的异质性产生了特殊的开放性,最终促进了西欧资本主义的产生。     

欧洲社会一体化的国内政治视角分析——以亲职假指令的移植为例

亲职假指令是欧盟颁布的旨在推进社会一体化的重要举措。作为一种硬法形式,它体现了社会一体化进程对成员国国内政治的塑造性影响,即社会一体化一方面在一定程度上限制了成员国的行动能力,另一方面却为成员国提供了双层博弈的机会。作为一种依赖成员国贯彻执行的行政立法,亲职假指令还鲜明地反映了成员国在欧洲社会一体化中的掌控地位。虽然亲职假指令对欧盟成员国的行动能力和决策方式都产生了影响,但却未得到成员国不折不扣的遵循。这种强制要求与现实情况的差距,凸显出欧洲社会一体化进程慢、成果少、周期长的特征。究其原因在于欧盟成员国特定的政治文化的制约力量。     

欧洲俗语论与中国白话文学和文论

欧洲和中国的白话文学都有着源远流长的历史,也有着白话与文言共存的时期,但无论在欧洲还是在中国,白话(或俗语)都最终战胜了文言,成为主流。在此基础之上,各自关于白话的文论也不断发展,并产生了相互的交流。文章从比较文学的视角,探讨了欧洲与中国白话文学和文论的发展及其相互影响的过程。     

The governance of social enterprises: Mission drift and accountability challenges in hybrid organizations

We examine the challenges of governance facing organizations that pursue a social mission through the use of market mechanisms. These hybrid organizations, often referred to as social enterprises, combine aspects of both charity and business at their core. In this paper we distinguish between two ideal types of such hybrids, differentiated and integrated, and we conceptualize two key challenges of governance they face: accountability for dual performance objectives and accountability to multiple principal stakeholders. We revisit the potential and limitations of recently introduced legal forms to address these challenges. We then theorize about the importance of organizational governance and the role of governing boards in particular, in prioritizing and aligning potentially conflicting objectives and interests in order to avoid mission drift and to maintain organizational hybridity in social enterprises. Finally, we discuss future research directions and the implications of this work for rethinking traditional categories of organizations, namely business and charity.     

Open spaces for dialogue promoting mental health as a social work education methodology

ABSTRACT

The authors discuss service user involvement as a key approach regarding training of social workers. In many European Union countries this is a stable practice with a lengthy tradition in research and application. However, in Poland it is almost entirely absent and marginalized. This article presents the results of a participatory action research project conducted at the Institute of Sociology of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, the objective of which was to identify and critically analyze the key substantive and formal aspects of training of social workers with the participation of individuals with experience of mental illness. This research project adopted an open approach to cognizing reality based on qualitative co-participatory methods. In the conclusion, the authors emphasize that the fundamental criterion for the success of this particular form of training is voluntary and differentiated participation of students—both in the role of people sharing their own experience and as learners—as well as shaping a culture of open dialogue, educational alliances of recognition and recovery, the foundation of which is axiological experience.     

Does the Euro–Mediterranean Partnership contribute to regional integration?

The paper investigates whether Southern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern markets under the Euro–Mediterranean Partnership (Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Malta, and Turkey) have become more financially integrated with the European stock market over time. The findings suggest that the Turkish equity market is moderately integrated with the European market, while the other economies exhibit weak financial integration with Europe, supporting the idea that the partnership appears to have no effect on enhancing inter-market linkages for these economies. Therefore, these markets would be good destinations for international investors seeking attractive investment opportunities to diversify their equity portfolios. Structural changes in the cross-market integration do exist, which may be considered as a guide for international equity portfolio diversification over different subperiods. In addition, there is evidence of an increasing trend in conditional correlations for Egypt and Turkey, to varying degrees, over time, notably during the post global financial crisis of 2007–2008, thus revealing herding behavior during this period. Overall, investors should be wary of the variation of equity market integration over time before engaging in an investment at the level of portfolio management and diversification. Policymakers must be aware of the remoteness of the current achievements of the Euro–Mediterranean Partnership from the targets set in terms of financial development and economic growth.     

The impact of the European Youth Guarantee on active labour market policies: A convergence analysis

The European Union’s (EU) Youth Guarantee aims to improve the labour market situation of young people. Rather than prescribing a uniform policy model, it acknowledges that supportive measures need to align with national, regional and local circumstances. It thus seeks to promote mutual policy learning through the open method of coordination. As an innovative measure, the EU has deployed funding programmes to support the domestic measures related to the Youth Guarantee. We therefore examined in this study whether this mix of recommendations and financial incentives has entailed a convergence of member state policies. Our analysis of policy outputs for the period 2007?2014 yields a mixed empirical picture. There is catching‐up convergence regarding policies’ sectoral coverage but increasing divergence concerning the number of adopted policy instruments. The first two years of financial incentives did not produce any effect on enhancing policy experimentation among less active member states. We offer an optimistic and a pessimistic interpretation of these findings.     

社区治理主体问关系:问题、成因与重构

社区治理主体间关系是一个关乎社区治理绩效的重要问题.当前我国社区治理主体间存在着权力冲突、关系混乱的状态,不利于推进社区的和谐与发展.社区治理主体间关系存在问题的直接原因在于社区治理明显的"行政化倾向",而这又根源于我国传统计划经济体制、行政管理体制以及文化观念的影响.要理顺社区治理主体间关系,需要综合平衡各种社区治理...     

Personal Values as Mitigating Factors in the Link Between Income and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from the European Social Survey

Using data from the first two rounds of the European Social Survey, we examine the link between income, reference income and life satisfaction across Western Europe. We find that whilst there is a strong positive relationship between income and life satisfaction, reference or comparison income exerts a strong negative influence. Interestingly, our results confirm the importance of personal values and beliefs not only as predictors of subjective well-being, but also as mitigating factors in the relationship between income, reference income and life satisfaction. While our findings provide additional empirical support for the relative utility hypothesis, they are also consistent with Rojas’ (J Econ Psychol 28:1–14, 2007) Conceptual-Referent-Theory (CRT), which is based on the premise that the salience of income and comparison income depends on one’s intrinsic values and personal beliefs.