Does party support help candidates win?

The parties’ congressional campaign committees have made it their business to strategically provide contributions to candidate campaigns in order to help their candidates win. However, the effectiveness of these contributions in terms of increasing the competitiveness of party-sponsored candidates remains untested. Using contribution data from the U.S. Federal Election Commission in a series of mixed effects models as well as a matching analysis, the receipt of direct party contributions and coordinated support is shown to significantly improve the competitive position of challengers but not open seat candidates in races for the House. Further, independent expenditures by the parties do not significantly increase candidates’ competitiveness. The implications of these results for future party strategies are explored.     

Causal dynamics of poverty reproduction in EU countries

This study investigated causal mechanisms of poverty reproduction in EU countries by placing emphasis on the parental background effect on sons’ poverty risk after having controlled for endogeneity among observable and non‐observable effects of the involved mechanisms. The countries under investigation were old EU member states representing the four welfare regimes in the EU. Having employed path models and utilised EU‐SILC 2005 data, the analysis yielded no statistically significant direct effect of parental background on sons’ poverty risk in Denmark. Greece, however, exhibited a statistically significant and quite strong direct effect. Germany and the United Kingdom stood in‐between. Moreover, the analysis found indirect channels through which the parental background affects sons’ poverty risk. These findings are expected to enrich the academic discourse and inform the policy‐making process on poverty reproduction and social protection in the EU.     

论鲁迅与新月社的论争及其他

20世纪20年代末30年代初,以梁实秋为代表的新月社批评家提倡＂普遍人性论＂、＂天才论＂的文艺观,并在否定文学的阶级性和无产阶级文学存在可能性的过程中与鲁迅发生了激烈的论争。鲁迅认为文学兼具阶级性和人性,他揭露了新月社潜隐的资产阶级意识及其替国民党政府＂维持治安＂的心理与意图,为无产阶级文学的存在合理性进行了辩护,进而为中国左翼文学的发生发展提供了强有力的理论支持和宝贵的精神资源。     

师陀小说的文学史意义初探

与京派和左翼作家相比,师陀的小说有自己独具的特色与内涵,而学界常常忽略了师陀与其他作家相比较中所体现出的差异性与独特性。师陀的小说创作呈现了鲜明的风格特色,获得了在中国现代文学史上的独特艺术价值。充分认识师陀的小说创作成就所具有的重要文学史意义,将有利于进一步深化和拓展师陀小说的研究。     

论民主党派在新中国成立时期的重要作用

新中国的成立,除中国共产党的正确领导、人民力量的壮大、人民解放军的英勇善战等决定因素外,与民主党派政治上积极支持和响应中共的方针、号召,军事上开展各种活动积极配合中共的武装斗争,广泛宣传中共的政策、为新中国的诞生创造条件分不开。为了新中国的成立,各民主党派都做出了极大的贡献,发挥了重要作用。     

Minimum income in the Western Balkans: From socialism to the European Pillar of Social Rights

In this article, we examine the evolution of minimum income programmes in the Western Balkans (comprising Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia). During socialism, Yugoslavia developed a rudimentary minimum income protection programme, while Albania did not have one. As countries moved towards a market economy, socialism's legacy remained relevant, but especially since 2000, governments have taken more direct responsibility for the minimum income schemes—typically under the influence of the World Bank. The attention was paid to strict targeting accuracy rather than to adequacy or sufficient coverage of the lowest deciles. In essence, neither socialist nor neoliberal policymakers ever recognised anything but the poverty relief function of the minimum income. Both ideologies were hostile, or at best indifferent, to increasing the adequacy and generosity of minimum income programmes, perceiving them as impediments and distractions that slowed socialist and neoliberal transformations. Despite some reform initiatives supported by the World Bank and, more recently, the European Union, the generosity and adequacy of minimum income programmes remain low, and coverage keeps declining. There have been very few efforts to develop inclusion function of the minimum income, while the activation aspect has achieved very little, sometimes degrading into punitive programmes of unpaid community work. In this dismal picture, the European Pillar of Social Rights action framework could serve as a guide for a long overdue third phase in the Western Balkans' minimum income policy evolution.     

抗战时期左翼诗人群的诗体探索

抗战左翼诗人群继承和发展了30年代中国诗歌会的诗歌理念,在诗歌大众化形式方面作了深入、广泛的尝试,其中最有成就的是朗诵诗和方言诗的探索,值得我们珍视和研究。     

From pension funds to piggy banks: (Perverse) consequences of the Stability and Growth Pact since the crisis

As part of their strategy for economic and monetary union, European governments committed themselves to fiscal discipline – particularly by placing limits on annual deficits and on public debt. Subsequently, and as they sought to respond to the “current crisis”, they embraced the view that only if public finances were kept under control would sustainable recovery be possible. Rules of fiscal governance were strengthened. To help them meet these rules, the governments of many member States of the European Union made changes to their pension systems or to funds they had established specifically to pay the costs of population ageing. The intention was not to cut retirement benefits or to improve the efficiency of the relevant pension schemes and institutions. Rather, it was to free up resources immediately. Funded pension schemes and pension funds were treated like “piggy banks” that were raided when times became hard. Moreover, the policies pursued succeeded in meeting their objectives only because the system of national accounts according to which outcomes are judged does not recognize the way in which most of the fiscal gains are matched by future fiscal liabilities.     

论左翼诗剧的体裁范式

诗剧在西方是一种极其重要的文体形式,但在中国却一直处在被忽视的境地。学界对左翼诗剧的关注更可谓寂寥至极。左翼诗剧是左翼文学创作的重要实绩之一,其体裁范式更是别具一格。在以往的研究中,既是极易被忽略的一个方面,又是造成左翼诗剧生存窘态的根源所在。左翼诗剧的体裁范式包括"戏剧化的诗"、"纯诗的戏剧化"、"散文诗的戏剧化"三种形式。通过剖析和阐释左翼诗剧的体裁范式,继而提炼、概括左翼诗剧的艺术特征和创作特质,从而一窥左翼文学的艺术风貌。     

论欧盟在欧元区主权债务危机中的改革与发展

2009-2010年的希腊主权债务危机引发了欧元区集体危机,这被认为是自1999年EMU成立以来遭遇的最大挑战。继希腊之后,爱尔兰和葡萄牙先后向欧盟提出了金融救助申请。2011年7月,欧盟达成了对希腊进行第二轮金融援助的方案。尽管欧元区主权债务危机形势不容乐观,但此次危机也促使欧盟及其成员国加快了自身改革。