曼斯菲尔德庄园：一面张扬道德传教的旗帜

《曼斯菲尔德庄园》是简.奥斯丁的一篇非常重要的小说。人们对于这部小说表现的道德伦理往往归结于作者所放映出来的女性小说家的说教传统。本文将从一个更为宽阔的视角—道德传教—来分析小说中的道德伦理。奥斯丁将道德传教这一宗教词汇借鉴到小说写作中,通过使用反复印证、福音词汇、自由间接引语和道德讨论等方法,拓展了女性小说家在道德方面的写作范畴。     

The concept of adequate causation and Max Weber's comparative sociology of religion

Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, studied in isolation, shows mainly an elective affinity or an adequacy on the level of meaning between the Protestant ethic and the 'spirit' of capitalism. Here it is suggested that Weber's subsequent essays on 'The Economic Ethics of World Religions' are the result of his opinion that adequacy on the level of meaning needs and can be verified by causal adequacy. After some introductory remarks, particularly on elective affinity, the paper tries to develop the concept of adequate causation and the related concept of objective possibility on the basis of the work of v. Kries on whom Weber heavily relied. In the second part, this concept is used to show how the study of the economic ethics of India, China, Rome and orthodox Russia can support the thesis that the 'spirit' of capitalism, although it may not have been caused by the Protestant ethic, was perhaps adequately caused by it.     

冲击与反弹:基督教与藏传佛教的早期遭遇——以保安教案为例

近代中国教案频发,究其根底,乃因基督教在传播过程中的多重面目,形成了对中国固有政治结构、社会结构与文化传统的冲击。在冲击与反弹的模式中,中西文化的冲突构成了教案的重要内容。然而中国传统文化亦因类型繁多,不仅有占主体地位的汉族文化,也有各种形态的少数族群文化,从而使中西文化的冲突也呈现出各异的形态和内涵。在早期基督教传入安多藏区的过程中,两种宗教因基本教义、信仰体系和传教形式的不同,在相互的接触中,不可避免地引发了两种同样对社会具有强制性干预色彩的宗教的冲突。藏传佛教对基督教的排斥,既是一种宗教文化对外来文化形态的排异反应,也存在现实利益的考虑。1899年发生的保安教案,清晰地展现了宣道会在保安堡传教的努力与隆务寺对传教士的不满与敌视,最终演变成为一场驱逐传教士的暴力事件。     

格拉斯顿从福音派向高教会派的转变及其原因

19世纪30年代,格拉斯顿的宗教态度发生了一次重大改变,他从一位家传的福音主义信徒转变为一名高教会派信徒。文章旨在通过对30年代前后格拉斯顿在宗教及其他思想认识方面的种种变化轨迹的描述和剖析,由此揭示格拉斯顿宗教态度转变的诸多方面的成因。     

韦伯与舍勒之争：经济时代的伦理精神之源

韦伯和舍勒共同关注了所谓“资本主义精神”问题,二人都认为它有一种形而上的根源性动力,这种动力,韦伯认为是由新教伦理的滋养和孵化所提供的,而舍勒则认为是由一种长期积累的怨恨情绪的爆发所提供的。这种争论,在这个经济时代,对于如何培养我国国民的经济伦理精神有很大的启发和借鉴作用。     

Why the Focus of Clerical Child Sexual Abuse has Largely Remained on the Catholic Church amongst Other Non-Catholic Christian Denominations and Religions

ABSTRACT

The current study considers reasons for the consistent focus of academic research and mainstream media on clerical child sexual abuse (cCSA) largely within the Roman Catholic Church, seeming to ignore cCSA in other Christian denominations and religions. This study includes an analysis of traditional mainstream media and case reports on cCSA in non-Catholic churches and other religious faiths. The authors highlight the inadequacy of research and identify a wide range of gaps in this so far neglected area. Commonalities of cCSA and institutional responses are identified across denominations and religions, and reasons for the apparent over focus on the Catholic Church are discussed. The mains potential reasons identified were: (a) the centralized nature of the Church’s universal organizational stature and management structure; (b) the anti-Catholic political and media bias in Protestant-dominated developed countries; (c) secular legal systems with access to powerful lawyers and insurance companies to locate responsibility at organizational level in order to seek compensation and finally; (d) the organized institutional power exercisable by respective bishops to silence victims. Future research needs to move beyond analysis of existing academic literature, press, and case review reports to comparative empirical studies across denominations and religions.     

Religion and Spirituality as Defined by Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This exploratory qualitative study examined the intrinsic definitions of spirituality and religion across three different religious or ethnic groups of older adults – Jewish, African American Protestants and Caucasian Protestants. The study explores how older adults from these various backgrounds self-identify with the terms religion and spirituality. Because both African-Americans and Jewish older adults are underrepresented in the research on spirituality and religion, their inclusion lends insights to this topic and helps to anchor the findings in a cross-cultural context. Focus groups were employed to understand how these groups characterize their relationship to spirituality and religion. Social work professionals can utilize these findings to work more effectively with the diverse and complex issues of older adults.     

Social Service Outreach Programs Using Elderly Korean Immigrants' Church Ties

ABSTRACT

This study examined how Protestant Korean-American churches and their pastors can serve as ties between Korean seniors and agencies that offer social services. Working in partnership with the North Central Texas Area Agency on Aging (NCTAAA) and 2-1-1 services at United Way, the researcher asked 53 Korean pastors in two counties in North Central Texas to participate in the study. Each was asked about his willingness to host an outreach program. Thirty telephone surveys and 11 face-to-face interviews inquired about current services and pastor willingness to serve as gatekeepers for seniors. Translation and transportation were the top social service needs. All pastors in the study agreed that their churches should be a vehicle to provide social service information to seniors. Indeed, five churches accommodated program outreach offered by the NCTAAA and 2-1-1 services. The host churches tended to have highly structured, regularly scheduled programs (e.g., ethnic senior schools) already in place. A total of 405 Korean seniors participated in the outreach events, and 28 seniors were assisted in benefit counseling by telephone. Altogether, the results suggest that social service agencies can use the church ties of Korean seniors for program outreach.     

韦伯的文化偏见与新教伦理的后现代回救

韦伯《新教伦理与资本主义精神》问世以来,东西方著述家从各自不同的学术旨趣出发,亦对新教伦理及其与资本主义精神的内在关联性作出了不同的学科解读,但都未能走出韦伯所依循的西方世界现代性及其道德谋划的叙事背景。文章以韦伯新教伦理为价值原点,窥思信息主义技术范式对新教伦理在形式上的质疑和质料上的强化,回应韦伯的文化偏见,在后现代语境下找寻新教伦理与儒家伦理精神的共鸣声和契合点。     

论西方人文主义

人文主义是古代希腊文化的重要内涵。继承和发展了古典人文主义的文艺复兴人文主义运动,驱散了中世纪人们观察世界和认识自我时由信仰和幻想所形成的迷雾,人从中世纪宗教神学的桎梏中苏醒而成为独立自由的人,重新发现了个人的价值和尊严。文艺复兴人文主义强调人的自由、平等、权利,追求个人主义、自由主义和多元民主。文艺复兴人文主义者是新教改革的中坚,启蒙运动的先驱。文艺复兴人文主义运动引发了欧洲社会空前的深刻变革,使欧洲历史从古代朝着现代的方向迈进,迎来了现代社会的曙光。