试析中泰文化交流新基点——孔子学院

泰国是中国的友好邻邦,中泰两国山水相依,交往源远流长。中泰两国之间的文化交流承继于两国间的友好交往而历史悠久,建交以后两国的文化交流更是日益活跃。近年来,两国文化交流更是采用一种全新的形式展开,即孔子学院,孔子学院作为推广语言文化的政府机构,在泰开展文化交流活动,形式多样,影响持久,深受泰国人民的喜爱和欢迎。成为中泰文化交流的一个新基点,对中泰文化交流和中泰两国间的关系发展发挥了积极的作用。     

Why do people engage in paid informal work? A comparison of higher- and lower-income urban neighbourhoods in Britain

The aim of this paper is to show that the extensive and growing sphere of paid informal work is not the same everywhere. Instead, we identify distinct socio-spatial differences in its character and the reasons why people engage in such work. Drawing upon interviews with 511 households in higher- and lower-income urban neighbourhoods of British cities, we reveal that for people living in the higher-income neighbourhoods, most paid informal work is conducted under social relations akin to formal employment. Exchange is between consumers and suppliers previously unknown to each other who are motivated by economic gain. For the populations of the lower-income neighbourhoods, in contrast, paid informal exchange occurs mostly between relatives, friends and neighbours for reasons associated with redistribution and sociality. Consequently, we show the need to move beyond assigning a universal character and logic to paid informal work and for greater recognition of the socio-spatial differences in this form of exchange. El objetivo de este articulo es demostrar que la esfera extensiva y creciente del trabajo pagado informal no es en todos sitios igual. En cambio, identificamos distintas diferencias socio-espaciales en al carácter y en el porque la gente se dedica a tales trabajos. Recurrimos a entrevistas con 511 hogares de barrios urbanos con ingresos elevados e ingresos bajos en varios ciudades británicas para revelar que, para los que viven en los barrios de ingresos elevados, la mayoría del trabajo pagado informal se conduce según relaciones sociales parecidas a las del empleo formal. En este caso, el intercambio ocurre entre consumidores y proveedores, previamente desconocidos, motivados por ganancia. Por cambio, en los barrios de ingresos bajos, el intercambio pagado informal ocurre principalmente entre familia, amigos y vecinos por razones asociadas con la redistribución y la socialidad. Por consiguiente, demostramos la necesidad de avanzar mas allá del mero nombrar un carácter y una lógica universal al trabajo pagado informal, y de dar mayor reconocimiento a las diferencias socio-espaciales en esta forma de intercambio.     

同济大学历史上的德籍教师

在1907年至1950年的40多年中,有近百名德籍教师在同济大学工作过。他们既是近现代德国对华文化政策的实践者,也是德国文化与科技在中国的传播者。同济大学能够成为对德文化交流的一个重要窗口,包含着德籍教师的历史贡献。     

Exchange rate and wage policies in Central and Eastern Europe

After the eastern enlargement of the European Union (EU) and due to increasing labor market integration, wage determination in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has become a key issue in European economic policy making. In addition, a controversial discussion concerning the monetary integration of CEE countries into the EMU has emerged. Both issues have earned particular academic and political interest because Eastern and Western Europe are at different stages of economic development and volatile international capital flows seem to require either a higher degree of wage or exchange rate flexibility. Based on the Scandinavian model of wage adjustment by Lindbeck (1979), we analyze the role of exchange rates in the wage determination process of the Central and Eastern European countries to identify which exchange rate strategy contributes to faster wage convergence in Europe. Panel estimations suggest that workers in countries with fixed exchange rates are likely to benefit in the long run from higher wage increases.     

Testing the Martingale Hypothesis

We propose new tests of the martingale hypothesis based on generalized versions of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Cramér–von Mises tests. The tests are distribution-free and allow for a weak drift in the null model. The methods do not require either smoothing parameters or bootstrap resampling for their implementation and so are well suited to practical work. The article develops limit theory for the tests under the null and shows that the tests are consistent against a wide class of nonlinear, nonmartingale processes. Simulations show that the tests have good finite sample properties in comparison with other tests particularly under conditional heteroscedasticity and mildly explosive alternatives. An empirical application to major exchange rate data finds strong evidence in favor of the martingale hypothesis, confirming much earlier research.     

Communities, alliances, networks and knowledge in multinational firms: A micro-analytic framework

We develop a model of the micro-process of knowledge acquisition, dissemination, and application in the networks of alliances that have become important sources of external knowledge for multinational firms. Based on the concept of communities of practice as sources of highly tacit know-how, this model addresses the use of alliances with local partners to acquire tacit knowledge on a sub-unit level and to then share this knowledge throughout the firm via an internal network of community-level alliances. We suggest that the supposed advantage of multinational firms in accessing and reconstituting knowledge from widely spread sources is composed of multiple micro-processes at sub-unit levels, and therefore much more complex than usually presented.     

媒介文化互动传播与地域文化交流——东北地区地域文化的大众媒介传播

大众媒介在地域文化的交流和整合活动中,构建了新的地域文化交流观,将不同区域的文化关系放在文化意义和文化功能的互动框架中加以认识和阐释。在现代社会环境下,大众媒介的文化传播,既是文化新变的推动机制,同时其自身也成为文化新变的组成部分。媒介文化作为大众媒介传播活动的文化成果,以特有的文化力量建构地域文化新的生长因素。东北地区在地域文化的发展中,应积极发掘大众传媒区域间互动传播的文化潜力,在媒介文化的推助下,构建东北地区地域文化交流新的发展格局。     

我国结售汇制下企业持汇行为的研究

从1994年初由外汇额度留成转变为强制结售汇制度以来,我国外汇制度经历了多次变革,直到2007年我国实现了意愿结售汇。结售汇制度约束并影响着市场主体银行、企业的行为。对微观主体行为的研究有利于对外汇制度的衡量、制度设计具有指导意义。本文主要探讨企业持汇行为,首先在投资需求下建立企业最优持汇规模模型分析企业持汇量影响因素,然后在理论模型基础上通过2002年第1季度到2009年第2季度数据分析在交易需求与投资需求下企业持汇量影响因素,最后在此基础上通过虚拟变量的建立探讨结售汇制度中对企业经常项账户外汇限额要求的变动是否对企业持汇量产生显著的影响。模型结果表明外汇限额的放松对企业持汇量有显著影响,使得人民币市场在逐步实现市场化;随着结售汇制度的放松减缓了外汇市场扭曲的供求关系。     

论社会主义市场经济与党性原则的对立统一

在现阶段,共产党员坚持党性原则,必须正确认识和处理发展社会主义市场经济与坚持党性原则的关系。两者并不是势不两立的,但也不能把商品交换原则看得高于一切,以此否认市场经济条件下对共产党员加强党性教育的必要。只有把发展市场经济和坚持党性原则这两个方面很好地统一起来,才能使我们的现代化事业比较顺利地前进。     

梁启超与五四新文化运动

以往研究对梁启超在五四新文化运动中所发挥的积极作用评价过低。其实五四时期的梁启超并不保守,他坚决支持文学革命并身体力行,是陈独秀、胡适在白话文运动中的同道;他一如既往地坚持资产阶级宪政理想,维护民主政体,同时不再仅仅把民主作为政体变革的目标,而是将其作为人与人之间平等关系的新的伦理精神和人们应享有的自由权利的价值理想,他服膺科学精神,反对科学万能,主张科学与人文相协调,体现了对待科学的理性态度;他为引进新知识、传播新文化、促进中西文化交流所做的工作在五四新知识界中无一人能望其项背。梁启超的言行与五四新文化运动的主题、内容完全合拍,他理应被视为五四新文化运动的积极支持者、五四新文化阵营的重要成员。