高校教学质量内部保障体系的构建研究

高校教学质量管理的全面性、复杂性、动态性、相对性、系统性等特殊性决定了必须迅速构建适应新形势和能反映高校自身特点的教学质量内部保障体系。结合实践,提出从质量管理、质量监控和反馈等三个方面来构建教学质量保障体系。同时,提出了体系构建应坚持党的教育方针原则、正确质量观原则、因地质宜原则、“以人为本”原则、保障与监控相结合原则和过程管理相结合等六条基本原则,以期为教学质量的全面提高提供有益借鉴。     

中国沿海与内陆间经济影响的溢出与反馈效应

本文利用1997、2007年中国8地区区域间投入产出表,测算中国沿海与内陆地区经济影响的溢出与反馈效应的动态变化。三大类系数测算结果显示：区域内乘数效应大于区域间溢出效应,区域间溢出效应大于区域间反馈效应;同时,随着时间的推移,区域内乘数效应在下降、而区域间溢出与反馈效应在上升。对比沿海与内陆地区对对方的溢出效应系数,发现沿海地区小于内陆地区,但引入规模效应后,由于沿海地区有着更大的最终产出规模,它对内陆地区的实际溢出效应大于内陆地区对它的实际溢出效应。产业层面的分析表明建筑业与机械制造、交通运输设备制造业是沿海与内陆共同的具有较大溢出效应的产业,对沿海与内陆经济发展的带动作用较强。     

互动条件下的大学英语课堂教师话语的运用

就目前的大学英语课堂而言,教师话语过多学生话语过少;教师的话语中因为缺少应有的启发性和趣味性而显得枯燥呆板,整个教学过程缺少互动,尤其缺乏启发式,开放式的提问;对于学生的课堂表现教师本人缺乏及时准确和正确的评价。因此教师只有苦练基本功,提高自身话语的趣味性和感染力,只有不断改进自己的教学方法,恰当运用提问技巧,并对学生的课堂表现适时做出积极的反馈,才能获得较好的英语课堂教学效果并促进全体学生英语水平的发展。     

Stochastic volatility in mean models with scale mixtures of normal distributions and correlated errors: A Bayesian approach

A stochastic volatility in mean model with correlated errors using the symmetrical class of scale mixtures of normal distributions is introduced in this article. The scale mixture of normal distributions is an attractive class of symmetric distributions that includes the normal, Student-t, slash and contaminated normal distributions as special cases, providing a robust alternative to estimation in stochastic volatility in mean models in the absence of normality. Using a Bayesian paradigm, an efficient method based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is developed for parameter estimation. The methods developed are applied to analyze daily stock return data from the São Paulo Stock, Mercantile & Futures Exchange index (IBOVESPA). The Bayesian predictive information criteria (BPIC) and the logarithm of the marginal likelihood are used as model selection criteria. The results reveal that the stochastic volatility in mean model with correlated errors and slash distribution provides a significant improvement in model fit for the IBOVESPA data over the usual normal model.     

离散大系统的多级控制

本文使用反馈控制和广义逆矩阵研究离散大系统的多级控制问题,即在局部控制器上加所谓“校正”控制器,达到中性关联作用,使整个系统的性能指标为极小,且得到较小的性能指标偏差的上界。     

大学英语作文评阅中的人本主义原则

在作文评阅与反馈中,教师对学生情感的关注直接影响学生的写作兴趣和动力。基于人本主义原则的作文评阅与反馈不仅能够减少学生的情感焦虑,滋养与呵护学生的心灵,也能激发学生的写作潜能,提高学生的写作水平,是全人教育不可缺少的一部分。     

Are income poverty and perceptions of financial difficulties dynamically interrelated?

An individual’s economic ill fare can be assessed both objectively, looking at one’s income with reference to a poverty line, or subjectively, on the basis of the individual’s perceived experience of financial difficulties. Although these are distinct perspectives, income poverty and perceptions of financial difficulties are likely to be interrelated. Low income (especially if it persists) is likely to negatively affect perceptions of financial difficulties and, as recently suggested by the behavioural economics literature, (past) subjective sentiment may in return influence individual’s income generating ability and poverty status. The aim of this paper is to determine the extent of these dynamic cross-effects between both processes. Using Luxembourg survey data, our main result highlights the existence of a feedback effect from past perceived financial difficulties on current income poverty suggesting that subjective perceptions can have objective effects on an individual’s behaviour and outcomes.     

A management policy for sika deer based on sex-specific hunting

We consider here a management policy for a sika deer (Cervus nippon) population in the eastern part of Hokkaido. Deer populations are characterized by a large intrinsic rate of population increase, no significant density effects on population growth before population crash, and a relatively simple life history. Our goals of management for the deer population are (1) to avoid irruption with severe damage to agriculture and forestry, (2) to avoid the risk of extinction of the deer population, and (3) to maintain a sustainable yield of deer. To make a robust program on the basis of uncertain information about the deer population, we consider three levels of relative population size and four levels of hunting pressures. We also take into consideration a critical level for extinction, an optimal level, and an irruption level. The hunting pressure for females is set to increase with the population size. We also recommend catching males if the population size is between the critical and optimal levels and catching females and males if the population size is larger than the optimal level. We must avoid cases of irruption or threatened population under various sets of uncertain parameter values. The simulation results suggest that management based on sex-specific hunting is effective to diminish the annual variation in hunting yield. Received: April 8, 1998 / Accepted: December 25, 1998     

Stillbirth research: Recruitment barriers and participant feedback

BackgroundPrioritisation of stillbirth research in high-income countries is required to address preventable stillbirth. However, concern is raised by ethics committees, maternity providers and families, when pregnant and bereaved women are approached to participate. Our aim was to 1) assess factors influencing recruitment in a multicentre case-control stillbirth study and 2) gain insight into how women felt about their participation.MethodsEligible women were contacted through maternity providers from seven New Zealand health regions in 2011-2015. Cases had a recent singleton non-anomalous late stillbirth (≥28 weeks’ gestation). Controls were randomly selected and matched for region and gestation. Participants were interviewed by a research midwife and given a feedback form asking their views about participation. Feedback was evaluated using thematic analysis.Results169 (66.5%) of 254 eligible cases and 569 (62.2%) of 915 eligible controls were recruited. Non-participants consisted of 263 (22.5% of eligible) women who declined, 108 (9.2% of eligible) uncontactable women, and 60 (5.1% of eligible) women declined by the maternity provider, with no significant differences between the proportion of non-participating cases and controls in each of these three categories. The majority (63.2%) of women did not provide a specific reason for non-participation. Written feedback was provided by 111 participants (cases 15.3%, controls 14.9%) and all described their involvement positively. Feedback themes identified were ‘motivation to participate,’ ‘ease of participation,’ and ‘post-participation positivity.’ConclusionIdentification of recruitment barriers and our reassuring participant feedback may assist women’s participation in future research and support progress towards stillbirth prevention.     

中心城市粮食安全系统结构与因果分析

随着我国城镇化的进程,中心城市粮食安全对于区域乃至全国粮食安全具有举足轻重的作用。中心城市粮食安全相对于全国的粮食安全,具有不同的特征、结构、内涵和主导因素。论文从系统的角度提出中心城市粮食安全系统的概念,分析中心城市粮食安全系统结构、中心城市粮食安全系统子系统构成、中心城市粮食安全子系统的相互作用,在此基础上建立因果模型,详细探讨中心城市粮食安全系统主要反馈回路及相互影响,为我国中心城市粮食安全的系统管理提供有益探索。