Correlates of perceived effectiveness of the Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative

A three-level growth-curve model was applied to estimate perceived impact growth trajectories, using multi-year data from project and school surveys on outcome and program implementation collected from 59 sites and approximately 1165 participating schools in the Safe Schools and Healthy Students Initiative. Primary interest is to determine whether and how project-level and school-level correlates affect schools’ perceptions of the Initiative's effectiveness over time when the effects of the pre-grant environmental conditions, grant operations, and near-term outcomes are considered. Coordination and service integration, comprehensive programs and activities for early childhood development, and change in school involvement were found to be significant predictors of school-perceived overall impact when the effect of poverty was considered. Partnership functioning, perceived importance of school resources, and school involvement were found to be significant predictors of school-perceived impact on substance use prevention when the effect of poverty was considered.     

The source of Black-White inequality in early language acquisition: Evidence from Early Head Start

I compare language learning trajectories for Black and White children over the first 3 years of life using data from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation study (EHSRE) in order to determine the timing and source of divergence in early language skill. Results indicate that that while controlling for racial differences in family background and a measure of the home language environment cannot entirely account for disparities in language acquisition, interactions between age, race and maternal education, and between race and a time-varying measure of the home language environment play a significant role. I show that returns to parental education and the home language environment, in terms of language learning, are higher for White children than their Black peers. Specification checks confirm that these results are robust to alternate definitions of child language and the home language environment, and that no interactions between race, age and any of the other covariates are significant. I discuss possible explanations for these race specific education gradients, including measurement error and test bias. In addition, I address relevant empirical issues in estimating language growth with respect to linguistic inputs and the home language environment.     

Gap and Integration - Volunteer Service for Western China and College Students＇ Growth

大学生志愿服务西部计划的目的之一是大学生通过奉献社会来实：观个人成长。他们能否真正地成为当地社会中的一员,是实现这一目的的关键。在异文化环境之中,想短时间内成为其中一员并非易事,因为有一道浅浅的沟壑存在于青年文化与当地文化、当地人与外来人、青年人与长辈之间。为实现志愿服务效果的最大化,西部志愿者应该积极主动地融入当地社会．当地社会应对他们抱持开放的态度,他们与当地长辈之间应该展开对话,他们更应该战胜和超越自我。     

中国各地区市场化进程区位分布的空间效应研究

 本文从空间分析的角度研究各地区市场化进程的空间效应及其对区域经济增长绩效的影响,空间计量经济分析的结果表明市场化进程的空间分布在整个样本区间与GDP、资本和劳动一样呈现出集聚的趋势,区域差异显著,各地区的市场化进程在地理空间上存在显著的自相关关系,证实了各地区市场化进程存在制度溢出效应。因此,在研究各地区市场化进程与经济增长关系时必须考虑其空间效应的影响,基于此结论本文运用空间计量模型测算了各地区市场化进程对经济增长的贡献。结果证实,考虑了空间效应后,市场化进程在1998～2001年阶段对经济增长的贡献约为6.2％,在2002～2005年阶段约为10.8％,这表明了市场化对中国的经济增长起到了重要的作用,而且近年来的贡献愈加显著。     

月度工业生产发展速度指标解读：差异比较与经验启示 ——以OECD国家为例

 正确解读统计指标是准确理解和把握统计数据意义的关键所在。本文从指标的名称、定义、计算方法、空间规定和基础指标获得方式等方面,对OECD国家的工业生产发展速度指标进行了全面解读,以期从中得出经验与启示。     

Deconvolution methods for non-parametric inference in two-level mixed models

Summary.  We develop a general non-parametric approach to the analysis of clustered data via random effects. Assuming only that the link function is known, the regression functions and the distributions of both cluster means and observation errors are treated non-parametrically. Our argument proceeds by viewing the observation error at the cluster mean level as though it were a measurement error in an errors-in-variables problem, and using a deconvolution argument to access the distribution of the cluster mean. A Fourier deconvolution approach could be used if the distribution of the error-in-variables were known. In practice it is unknown, of course, but it can be estimated from repeated measurements, and in this way deconvolution can be achieved in an approximate sense. This argument might be interpreted as implying that large numbers of replicates are necessary for each cluster mean distribution, but that is not so; we avoid this requirement by incorporating statistical smoothing over values of nearby explanatory variables. Empirical rules are developed for the choice of smoothing parameter. Numerical simulations, and an application to real data, demonstrate small sample performance for this package of methodology. We also develop theory establishing statistical consistency.     

On high fertility rates in developing countries: birth limits, birth taxes, or education subsidies?

In this paper, we consider two types of population policies observed in practice: birth limits and birth taxes. We find that both achieve very similar equilibrium solutions if tax revenue finances lump-sum transfers. By reducing fertility and promoting growth, both birth policies may achieve higher welfare than conventional education subsidies financed by income taxes. A birth tax for education subsidies can achieve the first-best solution. The welfare gain of the first-best policy may be equivalent to a massive 10–50% rise in income, depending on the degree of human capital externalities and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution.      

论 PE 股东对公司的影响力与高管离职的关系--基于我国创业板上市公司的实证研究

高管作为公司管理的重要人员,其辞职行为对公司长远发展的影响已得到广泛的关注。本文以我国创业板上市公司为研究样本,分析PE（私募股权基金）股东对公司的影响力是否会影响高管的离职行为。通过实证发现,在控制其它影响高管离职的因素下, PE（私募股权基金）股东对高管离职行为产生显著的影响。当PE（私募股权基金）基金投资的项目数越多,投资经验越丰富,目标公司高管离职的概率就越低,这表明PE基金的价值增值效应可以减少高管离职的概率。     

优化进出口商品结构转变外贸增长方式

近时期我国外贸工作的重点是,加快转变外贸增长方式,优化进出口商品结构,鼓励高新技术产品和机电产品出口,继续限制资源性、高耗能、高污染产品出口,提高利用外资质量,促进国内产业升级.我国贸易增长方式的转变关键在于国内产业结构的转变,而产业结构的转变是一个比较长期的过程.要优化进出口商品结构,着力提高对外贸易的质量和效益.