历史地理学研究中GIS的认知过程及其人类因素考量

GIS技术在历史地理学研究领域的引入,为21世纪历史地理学沉淀积累和蓄势待发提供了新的研究视角和路径。随着GIS技术的普遍运用,尤其是在历史自然地理领域的使用,遂成为该研究方向创新和发展的重要因素。不过,GIS技术在人文地理研究领域中的运用情况则略显滞后,其实质在于受人类因素影响下历史文献数据化的标准问题。此外,GIS技术自身定位不再局限于一种研究手段,而是呈现出向新方法和理论高度的认知过程。     

GIS在计划生育管理中的应用

针对现在我国计划生育管理的现状,结合当前GIS的发展趋势和应用,就GIS在计划生育管理中的应用做了一定的阐述,主要讲述了该系统的组成,系统的功能,系统的技术解决方案和系统的特点.     

浅谈地理信息系统在地下管道管理中的应用

本文主要阐述了GIS的原理及其在城市地下管道网络中的应用。在GIS基础上开发的管理系统主要是将各种管道数据进行空间分析、三雏建模，图形输出。并且系统要能迅速查明地下管网状态，并能实现计算机动态信息管理。从而满足城市建设的需要。     

高等院校数字化校园管理研究

“数字化校园”管理是借助地理信息系统 (GIS)现代化手段及传统手段采集基础数据 ,对校园的各种要素建立数据库 ,以专门的系统软件与数学模型对校园管理的各种方案进行模拟、分析和研究。可应用于校园设施信息管理、规划管理及提供辅助决策     

半支箭河中游先秦时期遗址分布的空间考察

通过基于GIS建立的遗址分布地形图和等级规模法则,在对半支箭河中游地区先秦各时期遗址进行分群、分区的基础上,对遗址间的等级结构进行的考察表明,半支箭河中游调查区内,在赵宝沟和红山时期,不论是处于同一群的遗址之间,还是不同的遗址集群之间,都没有出现明显的等级差别。在夏家店下层时期,在遗址不同层次的集群间以及同一个遗址集群内部,都出现了明显的等级结构,既有小范围的地区中心,也出现了大规模的地域性中心。夏家店上层时期的遗址仍然存在着小范围的地区性中心以及更高层次的区域性中心,但不同层次的中心间并没有表现出显著的等级结构。战国时期虽然形成了若干个小规模的地区性中心,但在整个调查区内都缺乏更高层次的区域性中心,表明还有更高地位的地区性中心或政体凌驾于这些小范围的地区性中心之上。     

基于GIS的ANN在枯水资源承载力研究中的应用

本文论述了枯水资源承裁能力的概念、内涵,并总结基于GIS的ANN在枯水资源承载力预测的应用和优点.     

Challenge of multi-level governance in developing countries and possible GIS applications

Of the three most prominent issues in governance discourse—the horizontal coordination of markets, government hierarchies and networks, global governance and multi-level governance—this paper argues that the last, developing and sustaining structures of multi-level governance, constitutes the most profound governance challenge for most developing countries.The paper identifies the major forces promoting change in favor of multi-level governance in developing countries. Using the growing literature and comparative national experiences (illustrated with the examples of India, the Philippines, Colombia and Nigeria), it highlights the key achievements of democratic decentralization as well as its nagging problems in these countries. Finally, the paper demonstrates the significance of these developments for democracy and development in these countries and shows some of the ways by which external partners—especially experts associated with the Geographic Information Systems for Developing Countries can assist and possibly benefit from this process.     

基于GIS的宁夏人口经济压力空间分布研究

空间分析是深入探索空间特征的重要技术,因此作者利用空间分析中的主成分分析方法和空间自相关分析对宁夏人口经济压力分类及其分布关系进行了深入探索,结果表明,宁夏人口经济压力从北部向南部逐渐增大,在空间分布关系上人口经济压力呈现明显的组团模式,北部区域以银川为核心呈低—低关联模式,南部区域以原州区为核心呈高—高关联模式。     

Acute Exposure to Extremely Hazardous Substances: An Analysis of Environmental Equity

Although environmental equity research has focused primarily on chronic pollution sources, recent advances in environmental modeling and geographic information systems (GIS) provide a foundation for developing measures that can be used to evaluate differential exposure to acute pollution events. This article describes a methodology that uses facility-specific information to develop a risk surface representing the spatial distribution of accidental exposure to hazardous substances in a study area. Environmental pollution models recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were used in conjunction with GIS software to achieve this objective. The methodology was implemented in a large metropolitan region (Hillsborough County, Florida) to examine disproportionate exposure to worst-case releases of extremely hazardous substances. The environmental inequity hypothesis was investigated by directly comparing the distribution of potential exposures within each racial (non-White versus White) and income (below poverty versus above poverty) subgroup. The results indicate that a significantly large proportion of both non-White and impoverished individuals resided in areas potentially exposed to multiple accidental releases.     

Geo-sampling in developing nations

RTI International created a geospatial grid-based sampling methodology that: achieved a probability-based household sample and unbiased estimates; was comparable across countries; used simple frame data available from the in-country census; and was efficient with minimal training to local field staff. The methodology used 1 km² LandScan world population data, which was further subdivided to smaller grid cells ranging from 50 to 150 m². To guide fieldwork, georeferenced maps were generated and viewed without an Internet connection using a third-party app and the tablet’s internal global positioning systems receiver. The field staff’s location was displayed in real time as a blue dot enabling field staff to determine household inclusivity. This methodology was successfully implemented for household surveys Latin America, Africa, and Asia. The design is transferable, adaptable, scalable, and can be used anywhere in the world.