Professional Women, Good Families: Respectable Femininity and the Cultural Politics of a “New” India

This study of professional software women in urban India examines practices of respectable femininity and discourses of the Indian family to understand the changing and abiding aspects of a seemingly new national culture. Colonial and nationalist constructs of the Indian home, and the middle-class women who protected that home, continue to powerfully shape everyday articulations of national belonging, even as they are transformed through individual negotiations and a global economy. Drawing from extensive interviews and ethnographic work, this paper analyzes the interplay of gender, class, and nation in contemporary urban India as individualized, gendered efforts to accumulate symbolic capital.

The Gender Pay Gap in the US: Does Sector Make a Difference?

Analyses of data from the 2000 US Census show that the gender pay gap differs by sector of employment and according to the part of the earnings distribution that is considered. The gender pay differential in the private sector in the US does not display either the glass ceiling or sticky floor effects that have been reported for many other countries. The government sector is, however, characterized by a distinct sticky floor effect in the female–male pay differential. Regardless of the sector of employment, females have lower hourly rates of pay than men across the entire earnings distribution.

Seclusion,decision-making power,and gender disparities in adult health: Examining hypertension in India

Research on the social determinants of health in developing countries is increasingly focusing on the importance of gender. Cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension are a growing concern in developing countries, where they are now the leading cause of death. Researchers have documented differences in hypertension between men and women, but the importance of gendered practices in shaping these differences has been left unexamined. Using national data from the India Human Development Survey 2005 (N = 101,593), this study assesses the moderating role of two salient and widespread gendered practices—women’s seclusion and decision-making power—on hypertension disparities between women and men. Both seclusion and low decision-making power are associated with increased odds of hypertension for women, but in the case of seclusion reduced hypertension for men. Results also show the gender gap in hypertension is exacerbated with women’s seclusion and low decision-making power.     

Gender,Pay and Work Satisfaction at a UK University

This article examines a modern, former polytechnic granted the status of university in 1992, to illustrate the state gender pay gap in the UK and suggests that to talk of the state pay gap is too simplistic as it does not take into account variations in the size of the pay gap in different job grades. The article also examines satisfaction levels with pay for two groups of staff, administrative and academic and shows how satisfaction with pay, promotion and conditions also varies between the grades. Previous research that concluded that women are more satisfied with their pay than men is, again, too simplistic as it does not consider the affect of staff grade. The article argues that there is a link between the size of the pay gap, staff grade, occupational gender segregation and expressing dissatisfaction.     

Gender roles,HIV risk behaviors,and perceptions of using female condoms among college students

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between gender roles and HIV risk behavior, and perceptions and acceptance of the female condom among college students (n = 410). It was hypothesized that high hyperfeminine females and high hypermasculine males – those adhering to traditional gender roles – would engage in more HIV risk behaviors, including alcohol and drug use and various sexual practices, than those with lower hyperfemininity and hypermasculinity. It was also hypothesized that higher hyperfeminine females as well as higher hypermasculine males would perceive the female condom more negatively and would be less likely to view the female condom as a viable form of protection in the future. It was also hypothesized that high hyperfeminine females and high hypermasculine males would not accept the female condom as an alternative form of protection. Implications for prevention interventions are discussed.     

透视城市网络文化中的数字鸿沟现象

阐述城市网络文化中社会群体阶层之间的数字鸿沟,网络文化中代与代之间的数字鸿沟,以及数字鸿沟问题将会在未来城市网络文化发展中愈加扩大其不平等,进而影响社会稳定。提出要弥合这种数字鸿沟,必须加强城市网络文化建设的对策。     

基于ARMA模型的江苏省城乡居民信息消费差距及其预测分析

在1998—2012年江苏省城乡居民信息消费数据的基础上,利用信息消费的倾向、信息消费的系数、信息消费结构等指标对比分析江苏省城乡居民信息消费的现状,发现城乡居民信息消费虽呈现持续增长的良好态势,但两者的差距也显而易见。故通过构建ARMA模型,对两者的差距进行拟合并作出短期预测,实证结果表明城乡居民间的"数字鸿沟"有愈演愈烈的趋势。基于此,在维持城镇居民信息消费示范作用的前提下,应从提升农民信息消费能力、构建完善的农村信息消费环境等方面努力缩小城乡之间的"数字鸿沟"。     

杭州市城乡消费差距、消费结构分析及政策建议——基于2002—2008年数据的分析

进入21世纪后,杭州市城乡居民消费水平、消费结构都有不同程度的提高,但城乡居民消费水平差距、消费行为差异依然明显。杭州市城乡居民消费数据的分析结果显示：两者消费结构呈现明显的二元结构,在食品、居住、衣着、服务性消费方面存在着较大差距;农村居民的平均消费倾向较低;城乡消费水平差距有扩大的趋势。因此,必须从根本上提高低收入人群的收入、消费水平,尤其是提高农村居民的收入、消费水平,促进消费结构优化升级。     

光子晶体带隙结构的数值计算

该文简述了光子晶体的基本概念及基于平面波方法的理论分析。光子晶体是周期性介质结构,其带隙结构计算复杂,难于进行解析分析,只能使用数值模拟,所以关于光子晶体带隙的计算成为其理论研究的一个重要分支。该文在推导出一维光子晶体的解析解后,使用平面波方法在MATLAB下编写了通用的二维光子晶体能带结构计算程序,找到了出现最大带隙的结构参数,为设计和制作二维光子晶体提供了理论依据。     

非对称信息、信贷配给与中小企业间接融资缺口的经济学分析

中小企业在我国经济建设中起着不可低估的作用,为我国的经济发展做出了巨大的贡献。然而,由于中小企业和银行之间存在着信息的非对称性,从而导致银行在信贷市场上面临着严重的道德风险和逆向选择。银行由此对中小企业实施信贷配给,致使中小企业融资难,通过建立中小企业间接融资缺口模型来证实这一问题,并由此做出相应的经济学分析。