论科举制度的社会化效应

中国教育史上的一个重大转变缘于"科举制度"的兴起.科举制度实质上是以"考选"代替"选举"的选官制度变革.这种变革不仅突显出人才选拔在传统中国政治上的重要性,更重要的是营造了一个"考试社会",并在民间塑造了"读书做官"的观念基础,教育的价值与功能由此从"学做圣贤"转变为"学而做官".科举制度成了影响传统中国人一个最重要的社会化变量,因科举制而累积的心理现象、文化现象、教育现象与社会化效应,也是导致近代以来东西方在知识、思想与信仰等方面产生差异的一个基本原因.     

大学生网络情感社会化过度现象分析及对策研究

对大学生网络情感社会化及大学生网络情感社会化的过度进行了内涵界定,从情感社会学的理论视角出发,对现实生活中的大学生网络情感社会化过度现象进行了理论解析,并探讨提出文化阵地、法律制度、意识形态、个性情感、思想观念等五方面的对策建议。     

后勤社会化改革实践与研究——电子科技大学后勤社会化改革实际探析

高校后勤社会化改革已经十年有余,改革成果有目共睹,不但在为学校教学、科研和师生服务方面提供了有力的保障,而且还在推动学校办学条件、育人环境和教职工生活条件的改善,促进学校发展方面做出了积极的贡献.＂让师生享受后勤改革成果＂不仅已经成为高校后勤改革的结果,而且已然成为后勤改革发展的方向.改革是后勤发展的必然之路,创新是后勤改革的灵魂,高校后勤社会化改革不仅是学校后勤单位名称和形式上的变化,更重要的是体制和机制上的创新;不仅仅局限于变革原有后勤单位的管理模式,而且还要发展和完善学校后勤保障体系;不仅满足于解决学校历史遗留问题,而且还要致力于服务于社会,实现学校资源和社会资源的共享共赢.实事求是,因校制宜,能够实现政府、社会、学校共赢的高校后勤社会化改革才是高校后勤发展的永恒动力和不竭源泉.     

The shifting landscape of LGBT organizational research

Over the past generation, sexual minorities—particularly lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons—have gained increased visibility in the public arena. Yet organizational research has lagged behind in recognizing and studying this category of organizational members. This article offers a critical review of this growing body of research. More specifically, we identify and discuss four dominant scholarly frames that have informed LGBT organizational research from the late nineteenth century to date. The frames include a “medical abnormality,” “deviant social role,” “collective identity,” and “social distinctiveness” view of sexual minorities. We argue that these frames have profoundly shaped the scope and range of organizational scholarship devoted to sexual minorities by showing that scholars using such contrasted frames have been drawn to very different research questions with respect to sexual minorities. We document and discuss the main and contrasted questions asked within each of these frames and show how they have both enabled and constrained LGBT organizational research. We conclude by calling for more attention to the frames organizational scholars adopt when studying sexual minorities, but also for more research on both minority and majority sexual orientations in organizations.     

Maternal Autonomy- and Connectedness-oriented Parenting Behaviors as Predictors of Children's Social Behaviors in China

The purpose of the study was to examine the contributions of maternal encouragement of autonomy and maternal encouragement of connectedness to the prediction of children's social behaviors. A sample of children (N  =  94), initially aged two years, and their mothers in China participated in the two-year longitudinal study. Child autonomy and connectedness and maternal goal-oriented behaviors were assessed at two years of age through the observation of mother–child interactions. Data on children's social participation, prosocial behavior, aggression, and organization/leadership in peer interactions were collected in a follow-up study when the children were four years of age. It was found that maternal encouragement of connectedness significantly predicted children's sociability and organization/leadership behavior, especially for children who were relatively high on autonomy. The results indicated the developmental significance of socialization goal-oriented behaviors in cultural context.     

例论中越边境地区跨国婚姻子女的政治社会化

母亲是外国人,父亲是中国人,而且又位于偏远的边境和少数民族地区,所以这种跨国婚姻的子女在政治认同方面比一般小孩更加冷漠;在国家认同方面他们也为自己的母亲难以成为中国人而遗憾;在行为规范引导方面,他们地处走私、贩毒、拐卖妇女儿童等违法犯罪现象比较普遍的边境地区,在族群文化和国家主体文化及法律存在冲突的情况下,他们也面临着一些迷茫。边境跨国婚姻的子女也是祖国边疆的花朵,尤其需要呵护。在家庭方面,需要正视他们家庭不完整、家庭功能难以正常发挥的问题,需要帮助他们解决家庭的特殊困难;在社会方面,需要通过依法加强民主政治实践来强化他们对国家政治的认可;在学校教育方面,需要加强法制教育。     

How Employed Mothers in Australia Find Time for Both Market Work and Childcare

Time use studies find that employed mothers reduce their parental childcare time by much less than an hour for every hour they spend in market work. This paper uses data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Time Use Survey 1997 (4,059 randomly selected households) to investigate how employed mothers manage to avoid a one-for-one trade-off between work and childcare. It compares the time allocation of employed fathers, employed mothers and non-employed mothers and finds that parents use non-parental childcare to reschedule as well as to replace their own childcare, that employed mothers reschedule activities from weekdays to weekends or to earlier or later in the day, and spend less time than other mothers in housework, childfree leisure and personal care.

Is Work-Family Policy Use Related to the Gendered Division of Housework?

Researchers have proposed that work-family policy use may either reinforce or challenge the existing gendered division of labor within couples, but results from prior studies have been inconclusive. Using data from a regional survey of work and family life, we extend this research by focusing on how housework is divided within couples and by differentiating between traditionally female- and male- typed housework tasks. Results show that among dual-earning women, policy use is not related to share of female- or male-typed tasks. Among dual-earning men, policy use is positively related to share of female-typed tasks and negatively related to share of male-typed tasks. These findings suggest that work-family policy use does not reinforce the gendered division of housework.

EXPECTATIONS RELATING TO CHILDCARE AMONG FRENCH AND SWEDISH FAMILIES

This paper investigates how policy and values interrelate concerning expectations of childcare based on 80 interviews with 40 families with young children from France and Sweden, respectively. Upbringing, learning and socialization are important expectations among French parents. The results presented here are in line with educational goals that may have been influenced by policy. The findings suggest that France may, in terms of expectations on childcare, still belong to the conservative cluster as categorized by Esping-Andersen (1990 Esping-Andersen, G. 1990. The three worlds of welfare capitalism, Cambridge: Polity Press.  [Google Scholar]), although family policy may differ from that of, for example, Germany and Italy in the same cluster. Swedish parents stress the importance of the individual child as well as pedagogy, thus, indicating compatibility between a parental wish for the individual development of the child and an emphasis on collective care in Swedish family policy.     

Educational assortative mating and time use in the home

This study examines the association between individuals' educational assortative mating and time spent on child care and housework. Focus is put on hypogamous couples, or couples in which wives have more education than their husbands. Relative resources and gender revolution frameworks are considered as contexts to explain why hypogamous couples may share their time differently than other couples. A series of ordinary least squares regressions with population and sampling weights are employed using American Time Use Survey data from 2003 to 2018. Three, separate analyses using relative education, gender, and all educational pairings as the independent variables of interest are presented with child care and housework as the dependent variables. The current findings show that men in hypogamous marriages perform about 10 min more of child care per day on average than their peers in hypergamous and homogamous marriages, and that this comes primarily from basic care activities. This accounts for approximately 43% of the difference between men and women in the average amount of time spent on child care. No clear pattern of significance is apparent comparing individuals’ time spent on housework by relative education, suggesting that housework and child care have evolved differently in the context of gendered domestic responsibilities. Men in hypogamous marriages are more egalitarian in their sharing of child care. However, this is only true for couples in which men have at least a high school diploma and women are highly educated.