论开放条件下的储蓄投资均衡——兼论我国高储蓄率下的政策选择

在开放经济条件下,国外资本的流入和对外投资都直接影响着储蓄投资的均衡水平。传统的两缺口模型仅仅论及储蓄投资均衡中的外国资本流入而没有涉及对外投资,因而既不能解释存在相对储蓄过剩情况下的外国资本的流入问题,也不能为发展中国家对外投资提供理论依据。将引进外资与对外投资结合起来进行考察,可以看出:无论是储蓄相对短缺还是储蓄相对过剩,都需要协调引进外资和对外投资的关系,以提高储蓄投资的均衡水平。目前,我国经济运行中存在着储蓄相对过剩与引进外资的矛盾,因此,加强对我国引进外资与对外投资的宏观协调势在必行。     

The role of gender and job level in coping with occupational stress

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between coping and health problems in the context of gender and level in the organization. Questionnaire data were collected from 279 women and men (100 managers and 179 non-managers) at a sales department in a Swedish telecom company in which men and women worked at similar tasks. It was hypothesized that, if gender and level in the organization were controlled for, the use of problem-focused strategies would be associated with fewer health problems and the use of emotion-focused strategies with greater health problems. It was also predicted that men and women at a similar organizational level would not differ in their use of problem-focused coping strategies. The results showed, contrary to the hypothesis, that when level and gender were controlled for, no relation between problem-focused strategies and health was obtained. Instead the emotion-focused strategy of Seeking emotional support was associated with fewer health problems, whereas Focus on emotions and Alcohol/drug disengagement were associated with more symptoms. Coping was at least partly related to level. At a managerial level the men and the women used basically the same strategies whereas at a non-managerial level traditionally-conceived coping patterns were evident.     

Qualitative differences in men and women police officers' experience of occupational stress

Gender differences in exposure to sources of occupational stress and experience of adverse consequences are explored in a study of 358 male and 139 female police constables engaged in uniformed patrol or detective duties from one large provincial English police force. Stressors were divided into those arising tiom police operational duties and those deriving tioni organizational and management issues. Women uniformed constables are less likely to be exposed to police operational stresson involving the potential for violence, but ifexposed they report more severe adverse reactions than uniformed policemen. Women unifomied officers and women detectives are more likely to be involved with victims ofviolence or sexual offences and the former report higher levels ofassociated self-perceived stress than their male counterparts. There are relatively few differences in exposure to organizational stressors except that women detectives and uniformed officers report higher rates of sex discrimination and prejudice than policemen. Multivariate analyses show gender and occupational role differences in qualitative features that contribute to reported psychologal distress. Results are discussed in terms of possible explanations for gender differences.     

工资结构视角下高校绩效工资公平性问题探析

随着高校绩效工资的实施,绩效工资公平性问题必然会显现出来。从工资结构角度分析,高校绩效工资的公平性包含三个层面的含义,三个层面中引发不公平性问题的因素是高校工资与外部劳动力市场价格之间的对比、复杂的高校人员结构的划分、高校绩效工资等级间差距和等级内差别的划分,分析并探讨对绩效工资公平性产生影响的因素,是解决公平性问题的关键。     

从增加农村居民财产性收入角度探析缩小城乡居民收入差距的措施

改革开放以来,中国的经济社会有了大发展,但在发展中也出现了城乡差距过大的问题.特别是城乡居民收入的差距在逐渐拉大,制约着整个中国的现代化进程.缩小城乡差距,是和谐社会的迫切要求.缩小城乡居民收入的差距是缩小城乡差距的主要环节,而增加农村居民财产性收入又是缩小城乡居民收入差距的一个重要途径,为此,要帮助农村居民增加总收入...     

人民币对外升值,对内贬值的研究

最近一个时期以来,人民币持续升值是我国经济金融领域最热门的话题之一。特别是2008年经济危机爆发以来,人民币的升值速度更是前所未有。而与此同时,我国国内的物价水平却持续攀升,使得人民币走入了对外升值,对内贬值的怪圈。利率的非市场化、收入分配不公等问题是导致这一现象的根本原因。推动国际金融体系向多元化方向发展。大力发展金融市场,引导资本向西部地区倾斜,改革收入分配及税收制度是解决这一矛盾的有效途径。     

辽宁省城乡学前教育状况调查与思考

以辽宁省14个市城镇和农村幼儿园及家庭为研究对象,采取入园入户随机问卷调查和走访方式,深入幼儿园和幼儿家庭实地调查。结果显示：无论是幼儿园规模、环境条件、活动设施、师资状况和课程内容,还是幼儿家庭收入水平、监护人文化程度以及幼儿学前教育投入水平,农村与城镇相比都有很大差距。政府增强城乡统筹发展意识,把学前教育重点放在农村,在教育资源上向农村倾斜;对农村幼儿园建设实行以政府投入为主的办学模式;加强对农村幼儿园的指导和管理;对家长开展宣传、培训和业余文化教育活动;幼儿园组织家长会及其经验交流会,提高农村家庭对孩子学前教育的质量,缩小城乡学前教育差距,建设社会主义和谐社会。     

越南国企改革的性别视角分析

在进行国企改革前,诸如职业性别隔离、“玻璃天花板”现象、收入性别差异等越南就业结构的性别差异就已存在。越南国企改革不仅未有效消除这一差异,反而使其呈现强化的趋势,其表层原因是单位制的功能泛化与市场经济体制下的效率优先之间存在矛盾,其深层原因则是由私人领域传导到公共领域的社会性别分层机制的巨大影响。     

陕西省城乡收入差距与经济增长关系的实证分析

借用Eviews5.0,运用陕西省1980-2007年的统计数据对其城乡收入差距与经济增长的关系进行协整与格兰杰因果关系检验。结果表明,两者之间在长期中存在稳定的均衡关系,在这28年间,经济增长对城乡收入差距的总体影响是拉大的。从格兰杰因果关系检验的结果来看,短期中经济增长会在一定程度上扩大城乡收入差距,而收入差距的扩大却不能刺激经济的增长;在长期中,陕西省城乡收入差距与经济增长之间存在着稳定的双向因果关系。     

影响农村非农就业规模的主要因素:理论模型与统计检验

托达罗人口流动模型的修正表明,由收入差距和农民工就业率决定的城乡预期收入差距是影响农村非农就业规模的主要因素。劳动力市场均衡分析表明,各种因素共同影响最终形成三部门条件下新的城乡收入差距。统计检验表明,务工工资与务农收入差距和农民工就业率是影响非农就业的最重要的因素,而农民工人力资本储量、人均家庭负担以及城市现代部门工资与务工收入差距的影响也较显著。因此,政策制订者必须通过发展农业生产和构建人口流动管理长效机制规范农村非农就业。