最优货币数量与消费攀比

本文在一个随机技术冲击驱动的模型经济中,将消费攀比引入个体效用函数,研究了个体间存在消费攀比时的政府最优货币政策问题。本文发现,当个体之间存在消费攀比现象时,政府的最优货币政策是一种反周期的总需求管理政策当经济萎缩时,政府通过降低名义利率来刺激经济;当经济过热时,政府选择紧缩性的货币政策来使经济冷却。该结果类似于Keynes理论中的总需求管理政策,但本文是在一个最大化个体效用的一般均衡框架中得到的,并且产生的机制也不相同。另外本文结果表明,个体之间的消费攀比产生了外部效应,为抵消外部效应所带来的效率丢失必须引入新的扭曲税,此时最优名义利率不为零,从而Friedman的最优货币数量法则需要修正。     

由思想政治教育学学科名称争议引发的思考

随着社会的发展和国际国内形势的变化,思想政治教育学科面临是否更改学科名称的动议和讨论。面对西方不良意识形态的渗透,我们的真正优势在思想政治教育,因而不存在改名的问题。本学科发展举步维艰不是“政治太强”而是其他多种原因造成的。要发展思想政治教育学科,党和政府要扶持,学科要重新定位,研究者和实践者要加强交流。     

古代词体文学批评概说

词体文学批评是我国古代文学批评中独具一格的批评形态.它发端于宋代,承传于元明,兴盛于清代,具有抒情性、感悟性、组合性等审美特征.在古代文学批评史上,具有独特的价值.     

Sexual Orientation and Quality of Life Among University Students from Cuba,Norway, India,and South Africa

This article explores quality-of-life aspects among gay, lesbian, bisexual, and straight male and female students in Havana (Cuba), Troms? (Norway), Hisar (India), and Cape Town (South Africa). In the period 2004–2005, a questionnaire survey on sexuality, happiness, and life satisfaction was undertaken among 339 students from the University of Havana, 144 students from the University of Troms?, 200 students from Guru Jambheswar University, and 189 students from the University of the Western Cape. The majority of the participants were straight and, in Hisar and Cape Town, few of those who regarded themselves as gay/lesbian/bisexual had engaged in sex with a person of the same gender. In all cities, straight men and women scored higher than gay, lesbian, and bisexual persons on the quality-of-life measures. Quality of life among gay/bisexual men and lesbian/bisexual women was higher in cultures with accepting attitudes toward homosexuality than in cultures with restrictive attitudes.     

A simple method for estimating parameters of the location–scale distribution family

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the parameters of the location–scale distribution family. As a special case, the method is used for estimating the parameters of the normal distribution and Cauchy distribution. For the Cauchy distribution, neither the moment estimation method nor the maximum likelihood estimation method works properly for estimating the parameters. The quantiles for obtaining confidence intervals and point estimates for the parameters of the two-parameter Cauchy distribution are given in the paper. It is shown that the estimators obtained in this paper are unbiased with respect to the median and possess some optimal properties.     

Residual life estimation based on nonlinear-multivariate Wiener processes

For some operable products with critical reliability constraints, it is important to estimate accurately their residual lives so that maintenance actions can be arranged suitably and efficiently. In the literature, most publications have dealt with this issue by only considering one-dimensional degradation data. However, this may be not reasonable in situations wherein a product may have two or more performance characteristics (PCs). In such situations, multi-dimensional degradation data should be taken into account. Here, for the target product with multivariate PCs, methods of residual life (RL) estimation are developed. This is done with the assumption that the degradation of PCs over time is governed by a multivariate Wiener process with nonlinear drifts. Both the population-based degradation information and the degradation history of the target product up-to-date are combined to estimate the RL of the product. Specifically, the population-based degradation information is first used to obtain the estimates of the unknown parameters of the model through the EM algorithm. Then, the degradation history of the target product is adopted to update the degradation model, based on which the RL is estimated accordingly. To illustrate the validity and the usefulness of the proposed method, a numerical example about fatigue cracks is finally presented and analysed.     

Double bootstrap estimation of variance under systematic sampling with probability proportional to size

Variance estimation under systematic sampling with probability proportional to size is known to be a difficult problem. We attempt to tackle this problem by the bootstrap resampling method. It is shown that the usual way to bootstrap fails to give satisfactory variance estimates. As a remedy, we propose a double bootstrap method which is based on certain working models and involves two levels of resampling. Unlike existing methods which deal exclusively with the Horvitz–Thompson estimator, the double bootstrap method can be used to estimate the variance of any statistic. We illustrate this within the context of both mean and median estimation. Empirical results based on five natural populations are encouraging.     

一心二门式的儒家复性思想评析

先秦儒家的告子性无善恶论、孟子性善论、荀子性恶论皆把人性单一化,不能合理地说明人性的构成及人行善或作恶的原因。儒家"一心开二门"模式的性善情恶复性论认为,人性具有先天善性和后天恶情两种因素,由一体之心开出性情二门,主张以复性的方式去掉恶情回复善性。复性就是由后天之恶情向先天之善性复性。一心二门、性善情恶的复性论是人向善复性的基础和道德教化的根本,为弃恶从善的道德教化和人生修养提供了依据。     

关于中国特色社会主义“特色”问题理解

中国特色社会主义理论的提出和实践,使得我国的社会主义已经不再仅仅局限于经典社会主义的范畴,而是拥有自己"特色"的社会主义,这种社会主义更加切合当今中国实际。因此,为了更好地坚持中国特色社会主义道路以利于中国向更高的社会主义发展,需要从理论上弄清:中国特色社会主义"特色"的涵义,中国特色社会主义"特色"的依据,中国特色社会主义应注意的实践问题。     

地理标志与植物品种名称的关系及其法律规制

大量地理标志产品名称与在先植物品种名称相同,这可能既导致消费者混淆,也引起竞争者对地理标志合法性异议.与欧盟法及《知识产权协定》不同,中国法律没有明确规定如何处理两者关系,理论研究几乎空白.为免消费者混淆,与在先植物品种名称完全相同的地理标志,及部分相同但误导消费者的地理标志不得注册;部分相同且不误导消费者的可以注册.在判断是否相同时,中国地理标志产品规章参照欧盟的规定,以地理标志产品名称为比较对象;中国商标法和《知识产权协定》则以整个标志为比较对象.综合考虑,中国地理标志法应以整个标志为比较对象.为协调已注册地理标志与在先品种名称间的关系,地理标志权利人应容许他人正当使用品种名称.在品种名称命名方面,应该限制使用地理名称.