孟子性善论及其现实价值

性善论作为孟子仁政学说的理论基础,具有重要的基石作用。孟子探讨了人的本性,为人性作了善的判断,揭示了道德完备的途径和可能性,激发了世人对人格道德的重视和追求,并提出了以民为本的治国纲领,对我国所推行的以德治国论有重大的借鏊意义。     

Shapiro–Wilk test for skew normal distributions based on data transformations

A probability property that connects the skew normal (SN) distribution with the normal distribution is used for proposing a goodness-of-fit test for the composite null hypothesis that a random sample follows an SN distribution with unknown parameters. The random sample is transformed to approximately normal random variables, and then the Shapiro–Wilk test is used for testing normality. The implementation of this test does not require neither parametric bootstrap nor the use of tables for different values of the slant parameter. An additional test for the same problem, based on a property that relates the gamma and SN distributions, is also introduced. The results of a power study conducted by the Monte Carlo simulation show some good properties of the proposed tests in comparison to existing tests for the same problem.     

Identifying Nonproportional Covariates in the Cox Model

This paper addresses problem of testing whether an individual covariate in the Cox model has a proportional (i.e., time-constant) effect on the hazard. Two existing methods are considered: one is based on the component of the score process, and the other is a Neyman type smooth test. Simulations show that, when the model contains both proportional and nonproportional covariates, these methods are not reliable tools for discrimination. A simple yet effective solution is proposed based on smooth modeling of the effects of the covariates not in focus.     

A Generalized Poisson Distribution

Cumulative probabilities of a Poisson distribution can be written in terms of incomplete gamma function where the parameter of the gamma function is an integer. From this definition a new generalization of the Poisson distribution is obtained with two parameters. Asymptotic behavior of this distribution is shown to be normal. Some order properties of this distribution are also studied.     

A note on the fit for the levy distribution

The problem of testing the fit of the Levy distribution with unknown scale parameter is addressed. The corresponding empirical process is analysed, and the Cramer-von Mises W² and the Anderson-Darling's A² statistics are used. Well known results regarding the relationship between the Levy distribution and the gamma and inverse Gaussian are exploited. Some remarks are made regarding the use of the Rao-Blackwell estimator of the distribution function in the empirical process.     

χ2-Type Goodness of Fit Test Based on Transformed Empirical Processes for Location and Scale Families

Abstract

A χ ²-type goodness of fit test for a location and scale family is presented. The test uses the Transformed Empirical Processes introduced by A. Cabaña and E.M. Cabaña and is based in a particular expansion on the L ² space of the null hypothesis standard distribution. It is implemented in a particular contiguous case, and compared with a classical χ ²-type test, obtaining an improvement.     

善的形上学追问——孟子善恶观的道德解析

善是什么?善何以可能?善的终极根据是什么?通过对善的不断追问,孟子为善建构了形上学的根据。“可欲之谓善”是孟子德性论的道德立场的体现。孟子通过对善的伦理追问、人性追问和天道追问,为善建构了一个较完善的思想体系。各种人伦规范正是可欲之善的现实存在;性善论是善何以可能的内在根据;天道观则是善的超越根据。孟子以性善说人性,以天道说性善的思维理路,成为儒家后学道德形上学建构理论资源。     

陈确的性善论

宋儒对儒学创新之一在于构建自己的心性论,这对于深化儒学,应对佛教挑战具有双重意义。但在具体论述或提法上也不乏疏失,清初诸儒大都对此有所辩驳,陈确也不例外。其基本观点是服膺孔孟尤其是孟子,主张性与情才气统一,反对彼此割裂,不赞同性的二元论,构建自己的性善一元论。与此同时又发挥《周易》＂继善成性＂的观点,着力在孟子所讲的尽心、尽性、尽才、扩充角度诠释性善,使性善落到实处,这与晚明王学末流空谈性善迥然不同。     

默多克的“善”和《绿衣骑士》

艾丽丝.默多克是一位伦理道德哲学家和小说家,“善”是其伦理道德哲学的精髓,“善”是使人彻悟,把握真实,“善”是“己所欲者,施与人。”“善”是“消解自我”,关注“他性”存在,在《绿衣骑士》中,彼得.摩尔是“善”精神的体现者、贯彻者,“善”的精神也是构建当今和谐社会与世界的重要理念。     

Repeated chi-square testing

A sequentialized version of the x²; goodness of fit test, called repeated x,²; test, is introduced. The form of the asymptotic distribution of the repeated x² test statistic is given under the null hypothesis as well as under local alternatives. For various numbers of cells Monte Carlo results are given for critical values, power and distribution of stopping time. Finally, the perfor-mance of the repeated and the fixed sample x² test are compared.