记忆、想象与重构：人类学对非洲形象的创造

人类学诞生于西方,却在非西方社会研究的基础上获得发展,形成自身的学科命题。人类学与非洲的特殊遭遇,导致特殊研究范式的产生。人类学以记忆、想象与重构的方式,对非洲的世界形象的模塑发挥了巨大作用。     

公共关系六大特征解析

公共关系作为社会组织的一种管理职能 ,越来越显示出它的重要作用。公共关系的特征可概括为 :以社会组织为主体 ,以美誉为目标 ,以互惠为原则 ,以长远为方针 ,以真诚为信条 ,以沟通为手段。全面而深入地剖析公共关系的本质特征 ,有助于我们正确地理解和认识公共关系及其在社会生活中的作用     

论朦胧诗的价值取向

２０世纪７０年代末８０年代初在我国诗坛崛起的新诗潮──朦胧诗,主张建立一个人性的世界,恢复做人的尊严,积极肯定普通个体生命的生存价值和生命意义,重新确立健康的人格,热情呼唤人道主义,对于颠覆迷信崇拜、破除“高大全”式的英雄神话,富有强烈的反叛意识和批判精神,具有积极的时代意义。艺术上也作出了崭新的价值取向：大量操作隐喻、象征、通感、改变视角和透视关系等手法,打破时空秩序,捕捉潜意识和瞬间感受,造成意象的撞击和迅速转换,时十年动乱时期的苍白文艺是一个有力的反拨。     

Local likelihood tracking of fault lines and boundaries

We suggest locally parametric methods for estimating curves, such as boundaries of density supports or fault lines in response surfaces, in a variety of spatial problems. The methods are based on spatial approximations to the local likelihood that the curve passes through a given point in the plane, as a function of that point. The local likelihood might be a regular likelihood computed locally, with kernel weights (e.g. in the case of support boundary estimation) or a local version of a likelihood ratio statistic (e.g. in fault line estimation). In either case, the local likelihood surface represents a function which is relatively large near the target curve, and relatively small elsewhere. Therefore, the curve may be estimated as a ridge line of the surface; we require only a numerical algorithm for tracking the projection of a ridge into the plane. This approach offers several potential advantages over alternative methods. First, the local (log-)likelihood surface can be graphed, and the degree of 'ridginess' assessed visually, to determine how the level of local smoothing should be varied in different spatial locations in order to emphasize the ridge and hence the curve adequately. Secondly, the local likelihood surface does not need to be computed in anything like its entirety; once we have a reasonable approximation to a point on the curve we may track it by numerically 'walking along' the ridge line. Thirdly, the method is appropriate without change for many different types of spatial explanatory variables—gridded, stochastic or otherwise. Three examples are explored in detail; fault lines in response surfaces and in intensity or density surfaces, and boundaries of supports of probability densities.     

中国绘画中存在的方圆结构意识－从《彩陶缸鹳鱼石斧图》谈起

本文从《彩陶缸鹳鱼石斧图》入手,阐述古代中国绘画本身独具的内在结构意识方形和圆形的内在结构意识.     

“飞流直下三千尺”的修辞学阐释与追问

本文锁定夸张经典用例“飞流直下三千尺”,借助修辞学理论资源探究夸张构式生成理据,指出只有充分认识夸张构式的构式义与组成部分意义融合的整体性,才能判断一个数量结构是属于常量、超常量还是夸张量,从而更充分地解释夸张义.夸张构式的修辞幻象特征,在物象、意象、语象的转换过程中体现.“夸饰恒存”与“象”思维及修辞幻象有着很大的关联.     

Hooray for Hollywood? The 2011 Golden Globes and Ricky Gervais’ image repair strategies

British comedian Ricky Gervais created a media stir as host of the 2011 Golden Globes Awards ceremony by using what many celebrities in attendance and people in the television audience saw as harsh, mean-spirited jokes about the awards, guests, and nominees. Four days after the show, Gervais tried to respond to the backlash by appearing on Piers Morgan Tonight to defend his performance and to repair his image. Gervais employed a variety of image repair strategies: denial, evasion of responsibility, minimization, and mortification. He focused most attention on transcendence, inviting his audience to view the awards show and his performance as an artistic pursuit of truth and self-discovery. Ultimately, Gervais failed to adapt to his audience and failed to repair his image.     

US government efforts to repair its image after the 2008 financial crisis

Globalization has intensified the interaction and interdependency among countries. The need to maintain good reputation and establish good relationships should dominate public diplomacy efforts (Hiebert, 2005). Using the US financial crisis 2008 as a case study, this study examines how the world's only superpower repaired its image when it was accused of triggering the financial meltdown that impacted the world economy. Few studies have examined repair strategies by nations. The need to undertake more empirical research to understand how the image-rebuilding rhetoric can aid diplomatic efforts remains relevant today.     

意象的产生及其语义转换

意象是中国首创的一个审美范畴 ,也是中国古代文艺理论固有的概念。意象一词产生于先秦两汉 ,从“象”到“意象” ,主要是在哲学范畴内的讨论 ;刘勰的《文心雕龙》将“意象”引入文学范畴 ,主要是指文学构思中诗人主观情感与客观对象交融后 ,产生于作者脑海中的艺术形象 ;大约从明代开始 ,对“意象”的阐述逐渐接近现代含义 ,即指通过作者审美思维创造出来的 ,融会了主体意趣的艺术形象     

章学诚的语言哲学观

清代考据学的基本信念是“道在六经”,方法则为“由训诂以通义理”,即以语言文字的释义以通达“六经之道”。章学诚与清代考据学的分歧主要是在语言观方面,一方面章学诚认为,“言与意”有时而背离,“通其辞”之外还必须“通作者之心志”;另一方面,章学诚认为六经语言的本性是象征性的,《易》之象和《诗》之比、兴“兼通六艺”,因此当“因象而求道”而非“因言而求道”。章学诚的语言观与历史上的道家、禅宗、心学的语言现存在着一定的思想脉络关系。