区域就业差异的泰尔指数测度

通过泰尔指数测算了实施西部大开发以来区域间就业差异,通过测算发现,区域就业总差异主要是由区间差异造成的,区间差异对区域就业总差异的贡献为56．6％,三大地区就业总差异的下降也主要是由于区间差异下降引起的。     

赶超思想与"大跃进"的发动

在可以预见的时间里赶上并超过发达资本主义国家,一直是中国共产党执政之后的重要目标.确立这样的目标本身无可厚非,问题在于用多长的时期和用什么样的方式实现赶超.1958年开展的"大跃进"运动,就是一场企图在短时间内实现赶超目标的大实验,结果欲速则不达,留下了深刻的教训.     

论梁漱溟释孔阐儒的内容及方法

20世纪的中国文化界产生了各种各样的释孔模式。梁漱溟以寻求、建立“孔子心理学”为理论支点 ,用“返求事实”、“东西比较”等方法 ,认定孔子儒学之特色在于折中调和的哲学思维、知足常乐的生活态度、尚情无我的人际关系及求仁求安的道德追求 ,并在形上层面即所谓“孔子的心理学”,发掘其内在根据 ,从而对孔子儒学做出较为接近实际的解释。     

沙陀族历史杂探

有关沙陀都督府、沙陀族共同体、沙陀族姓等问题 ,学术界向来说法颇多 ,这些说法与历史事实多有出入。本文依据史料认为 :唐初西域地区并无沙陀都督府建制 ;构成沙陀族共同体的基础是“沙陀三部落” ,不能把早期的沙陀突厥与尔后的沙陀族视为一体 ;沙陀族除沙陀三部落外还包含有其他民族成分 ,学术界过去只将李、刘、石三姓视为沙陀族姓与史实不符。沙陀族姓是沙陀族共同体丰富内涵的真实反映     

Europe’s Role in China’s Transition to Superpower Status

What can Western powers do today to ease an eventual global power shift resulting from the rise of superpowers such as China? This paper suggests that part of the answer lies in the same power-binding institutions that allowed the US to rise post WWII without threatening its allies. Continuity in the rules of the global system during a great power transition would promote stability by reducing uncertainty, as well as the extent to which material power can be used coercively. I argue that current superpowers, the EU among them, have an interest in ensuring an equitable distribution of the gains from cooperation. While distributional issues are usually treated in normative terms, they take on very real, material meaning in the context of a great power transition. With this in mind, I look at three aspects of the current global institutional framework that would benefit from reform: international trade and aid, institutional design, and institutional proliferation. In all three cases, a more equal distribution of the gains from institutions today increases the odds that those institutional arrangements will remain in the future.     

The limited effect of increasing educational attainment on childlessness trends in twentieth-century Europe,women born 1916–65

During the twentieth century, trends in childlessness varied strongly across European countries while educational attainment grew continuously across them. Using census and large-scale survey data from 13 European countries, we investigated the relationship between these two factors among women born between 1916 and 1965. Up to the 1940 birth cohort, the share of women childless at age 40+ decreased universally. Afterwards, the trends diverged across countries. The results suggest that the overall trends were related mainly to changing rates of childlessness within educational groups and only marginally to changes in the educational composition of the population. Over time, childlessness levels of the medium-educated and high-educated became closer to those of the low-educated, but the difference in level between the two better educated groups remained stable in Western and Southern Europe and increased slightly in the East.     

What Helped Nonprofits Weather the Great Recession?

This study examined the effectiveness of several financial strategies for nonprofit organizations in fighting the Great Recession. Using data from human services and community improvement organizations in the state of New Jersey, we tested hypotheses about the relationships between three measures of financial sustainability and various fundraising efforts and financial indicators. We found that (1) except for strong external funding relationships, funding efforts were generally not effective in enhancing financial sustainability during the crisis; (2) higher operating margin and equity ratio improved an organization's ability to generate revenue and maintain expense levels, but higher debt ratio and administrative cost ratio were generally harmful; and (3) revenue diversification might aggravate fiscal stress and cause more expense cuts in a severe crisis. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanics of nonprofit management during times of harsh fiscal conditions and suggest useful ways for nonprofit organizations to navigate future financial crises.     

Gap and Integration - Volunteer Service for Western China and College Students＇ Growth

大学生志愿服务西部计划的目的之一是大学生通过奉献社会来实：观个人成长。他们能否真正地成为当地社会中的一员,是实现这一目的的关键。在异文化环境之中,想短时间内成为其中一员并非易事,因为有一道浅浅的沟壑存在于青年文化与当地文化、当地人与外来人、青年人与长辈之间。为实现志愿服务效果的最大化,西部志愿者应该积极主动地融入当地社会．当地社会应对他们抱持开放的态度,他们与当地长辈之间应该展开对话,他们更应该战胜和超越自我。     

阿拉伯国家政治和社会动荡的前因及后果

阿拉伯世界的政治社会动荡有着复杂的内外原因,动荡可能开启阿拉伯世界寻求新发展道路的历史时代,但由乱到治尚须时日.动荡对中东格局和美国主导中东事务能力产生广泛影响,但美国主导地位并未根本动摇.     

明末至清中叶白山派发展述略

本文首先考察了玛哈图木·阿杂木其人其事与白山派的关系,其次着重探讨白山派的早期沿革史,重点放在阿帕克和卓以前的历史活动上.因这段历史比较模糊,易产生混乱,而阿帕克和卓以后的历史发展较清晰,且学术界作过不少研究,所以就这段历史略加叙述.