关于苏联个人崇拜现象的历史考察——从斯大林到勃列日涅夫

个人崇拜之风曾于苏联长期盛行,几乎弥漫了从斯大林到赫鲁晓夫再到勃列日涅夫执政的近半个世纪时间。这一历史现象产生的深层次原因:首先,俄国历来崇尚皇权;其次,领导人长期实行集权统治;第三,干部任用制度存在严重缺陷;第四,政治高压运动不断;最后,领导人的虚荣心使然。个人崇拜现象的消除,既要不断提高大众的文化思想水平,也要积极地从政治体制的改革入手,使得领袖个人权力受到应有的监督与制约。     

中师阶段学生道德人格发展特征及教育对策

师范教育是国民教育的基础。当代中师生的基本状态和品德特点,不仅与学生的自我成长有关,也是家庭、学校和社会交互作用的结果。作为教育工作者,用正确的社会利益现念说服他们,用一代师表的情怀和爱心去理解、鼓励并帮助他们,用社会主义道德的基本要求去规范他们,必须在道德过程、原则上选准着眼点,在内容、方法上探求有效性,认真对待学生的发展性人格障碍问题,寻求培养学生有社会道德人格的有效途径和科学方法。     

领导干部要注重示人以志昭人以德--学习党的十五届六中全会精神的一点体会

党的作风建设关系党的形象 ,关系人心向背 ,关系党和国家的生死存亡。领导干部是党的作风建设的重点对象。在实行改革开放和社会主义市场经济的新形势下 ,强化和发挥领导干部的人格力量具有重要的现实意义。党员领导干部要不断强化理想信念和党性观念 ,不断追求完美的道德品质 ,努力做到 :示人以志、昭人以德 ,以增强向心力和影响力     

牛虻人格"弱点"的分析——一种新的审美视角

伏尼契在塑造牛虻的时候,赋予他许多独特的心理特征。对泄密的恐惧、对黑暗的恐惧、对死亡的恐惧,以及为克服这些恐惧,牛虻所采取的躲在假面具后面以求自我保护的防御心理,构成了牛虻人性中的弱点。牛虻超越弱点,走向人性辉煌和人格完美,是小说最动人之处,也是小说最成功之处。     

濒危人文微观法与基诺族神秘型诞礼

作者从民族学资源污染现象谈到民族人文资源危机,进而在无文字基诺族人文遗产的救护中创用了濒危人文微观法,并举例论证了异于文明时代喜庆型诞礼的神秘型诞礼的存在。基诺族原生神秘型诞礼具有鲜明的人文个性,也是对人类文明共性的一种丰富。     

Personality and organizational health: the role of conscientiousness

Organizational health research identifies processes through which the work environment and individual differences combine to influence both individual and organizational outcomes. This study investigated the contribution of conscientiousness to organizational health. Research in the areas of occupational stress, work performance, and organizational climate was used to develop a framework for integrating different elements of organizational health. Within this framework, the work environment was assessed by perceptions of workload and role clarity ; individual well-being was assessed by psychological distress and job satisfaction ; and behaviour important for organizational success was assessed by contextual performance. Conscientiousness was investigated within the framework using self-reports from a sample of 104 Australian employees. Conscientiousness directly influenced contextual performance but did not influence well-being or perceptions of the work environment. Conscientiousness also reduced the impact of role clarity on both psychological distress and job satisfaction. The role of conscientiousness in a comprehensive model of organizational health is discussed.     

论沈约的史学思想

沈约以发展变易思想审视历史，把历史看成持续不断的发展过程，看到后代对前代的因革损益，认识到历史上许多事物都具有相对性；又以天人感应思想思考历史，将君主受命视为天意，以阴阳灾异解释历史现象。沈约还以民本思想为依据考察历史演变，看到了民心对于巩固统治的作用，主张治理天下要行善政，肯定那些因民、顺民官吏的业绩。他对人物的评价受到玄学思想的一定影响，但主要是以儒家伦理为依据。     

Personality preferences in laboratory economics experiments

Student volunteers at the U.S. Naval Academy (USNA) participated in one of the following one-shot games: a dictator game, an ultimatum game, a trust game, or a prisoner's dilemma game. We find limited support for the importance of personality type for explaining subjects’ decisions. With controls for personality preferences, we find little evidence of behavioral differences between males and females. Furthermore, we conclude that seniority breeds feelings of entitlement—seniors at USNA generally exhibited the least cooperative or other-regarding behavior.     

Personality and coping as moderators of work stress processes: Models, methods and measures

This article reviews the role of individual differences in work stress processes, with particular reference to personality and coping as moderator variables. Vulnerability/resilience and person-environment fit (congruence) models of moderator effects are contrasted and relevant issues of methodology and analysis are outlined. Personality traits (locus of control, hardiness, Type A, optimism, and neuroticism) that act as moderators of stress/strain relations are reviewed; the characteristics and limitations of available measures are described. Associations between personality and coping, inventories for the assessment of coping, and the dimensions of coping behaviour, are then considered. The implications of structural and transactional models of stress for coping assessment are discussed with reference to dispositional versus situational approaches and other psychometric issues. The need for research into coping flexibility and consistency is emphasized. No attempt is made to provide a comprehensive account of empirical research into individual difference moderator effects, but relevant review articles are cited, together with some recent studies. Finally, several areas which would merit further attention (including specificity of moderator effects, conjunctive and disjunctive patterns, and moderation of relations between objective and perceived stressors) are identified.     

人格与政治：政治心理学领域核心关系分析

人格与政治是政治心理学领域中的一对核心关系。有关人格对政治行为影响的假设，可以追溯到柏位图有关促进对政体具有支持性作用的人格成长的关切之中。这一假设经由拉斯韦尔的开创性的政治学阐释而获得了普遍的专业认可。然而政治学的一般研究却往往忽视人的因素对政治过程的影响。阐明人格与政治的关系有利于进一步深化政治学的研究。醉从基本概念的分析入手，对这一关系进行了尝试性研究。