美国教育电影中的“隔都”空间

美国当前一些关于少数族裔“隔都”的教育电影,其主要讲述教师试图以个体的超人意志,通过教育来救赎底层学生的故事,只不过在种族歧视、阶级不平等的背景下,其呈现的救赎神话,终究遮蔽不了这里青少年难以接受正常教育,被迫形成底层贫困人口代际再生产的冷酷现实;电影中反奇迹叙事之少数族裔底层青少年——隔都的“坏小子”们中盛行的反教育文化,展现了美国国家认同危机,映射了他们对白人中产阶级教育体系的失望与抗拒心理。隔都教育电影美学风格上突出的少数族裔特征和视觉化、听觉化特征,使其成为新的更酷的视听景观,表征了国家认同危机下当代美国社会文化的重构。     

Alef and Shem: Original artwork

Abstract

Artist and scientist Sharon Gershoni presents here two works of her art in different mediums. Alef is a series of drawings made with Japanese sumi ink on washi paper and is a reflection on the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet, alef. Shem (Name) is a photograph exposing the symbols and attributes of women in Western art and thought.     

Two languages,one variable? Pharyngeal realizations among Arabic–Hebrew bilinguals

Linguistic features that index ethnic identities often originate in another language spoken by the same community, often involving the introduction of exogenous features absent from the mainstream variety. We examine the more unusual situation of Hebrew spoken by Arabic–Hebrew bilingual Palestinians, where the pharyngeal consonants, which occur in both Arabic and Hebrew monolingual varieties, serve as ethnically linked sociolinguistic variables. Drawing on sociolinguistic interviews with such bilinguals in Jaffa, we demonstrate that while Palestinians’ use of pharyngeals in Hebrew is commonly perceived as transfer from Arabic, their linguistic and social conditioning does not support a transfer account. Rather, for these speakers, pharyngeals are a socially meaningful resource simultaneously linked to Arab identity and to a rich indexical field in Hebrew. While the pharyngeals pattern linguistically as Hebrew features, our findings illustrate that, from a social meaning perspective, sociolinguistic features need not be unambiguously associated with a single language.     

女神文明:前父权制欧洲的宗教

根据在欧亚大陆的考古新材料,可以看出,“前父权制欧洲的女神宗教”,特别是公元前7000-公元前3000年间的新石器时代宗教特征:集中关注生命的轮转再生即循环:包括人的出生、养育、成长、死亡和再生,以及谷物耕种和动物饲养。当时人崇拜某个或多个女神。女神以各种各样的化身出现,贯穿于生命的每一方面。围绕着女神而形成一种复杂的人像雕塑和化身动物象征系统。     

中外神话惩戒主题之文化比较

来自中外各地的神话（中国神话、希腊神话、希伯莱神话、北欧神话以及印第安神话）都存在着惩戒主题。这些神话中惩戒方式很多,反映出的文化涵义也是多层面的,并且因为文化的不同而存在着中外惩戒行为差异。     

汶川地震与“补天”神话原型研究

汶川地震及其次生灾害使许多年来悬而未决的公案--"女娲补天"的起因和神话情节原型的问题,获得了全新的证据.把地震灾害的各种现象联系起来,还荻得了解读"天柱折、地维缺",以及"山火、猛兽、浩洋、淫水、黑龙"原型的全新视角.它们说明,"女娲补天"起因就是地震及其次生灾害,补天神话原型是先民借助想像力征服地震灾害的一种形象化意识形态.     

试论《莫一大王》型传说的神话原型——与覃桂清、农学冠先生商榷

在《莫一大王》型传说中,英雄能腾云驾雾,让太阳升起再落下,被砍头后还能骑马返乡,埋掉后的头化生为藏有兵马的竹子。这些奇异情节引起覃桂清、农学冠等学者的注意,他们曾对该传说中英雄被砍头后不死的情节做探讨,指出这一情节与古代文献记载的“飞头”传说和我国少数民族中曾有的猎头习俗有关。笔者不同意将《莫一大王》型传说中英雄断头不死的情节与“飞头”传说相联系,认为上古神话《刑天与帝争神》才可能是该传说的原型。     

《希伯来圣经》一神观念形成过程考论

《希伯来圣经》是希伯来民族的文化经典，是犹太教的圣经，体现出了强烈的一神观思想。然而这种一神观念并非一开始就有，而是经历了自然崇拜、多神崇拜后，在迦南当地宗教观念及埃及一神思想的影响下，出于民族凝聚和生存的需要，逐渐发展成了世界上最早的系统性一神教。     

人本主义与神本主义——两希文学中神与人形象的比较

希腊文学与希伯来文学之间存在巨大的差异性。前者是一种乐感文化,它所彰显的是一种原欲型的世俗"人本主义"的特点,这主要与希腊的地理位置、希腊人的个体本位意识以及希腊民族的自然观和宇宙观有紧密联系;而后者则蕴含的是一种理性型的宗教"神本主义"特征,是一种罪感文化,这主要因为希伯来民族是由一个流浪者群体构成的,这些无立锥之地的流浪者们在重重外部压力下确立了一个精神领袖——上帝,并以上帝的绝对权威作为本民族的牢固纽带。     

Psychometric Confirmation of the Sexual Health Survey as a Useful Tool for College Health Professionals

Abstract

Objective: To conduct a confirmatory factor analysis on the 17-item Sexual Health Survey (SHS), a comprehensive instrument designed to be used with college students. Participants: College students (N = 515) aged 18 to 26 years enrolled at a Midwest public university October 2009. Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis with maximum likelihood estimation was performed to test the stability of the constructs. Results: All factor loadings were significant (p < .001), ranging from .55 to .99 (standardized). The range of squared multiple correlations of items was .31 to .98, and the intercorrelations among the 5 factors were from ?.03 to .52. These small to moderate levels of intercorrelation support discriminant validity of 5 constructs. Conclusions: This study supports the 5-factor version of the 17-item SHS as a viable scale that can measure sexual health overall and 5 distinct areas. College health professionals should consider use of this scale for assessment purposes and evaluation of programmatic efforts.