女性董事对企业社会责任履行的影响——以慈善捐赠为例

以2002-2014年中国A股非金融类上市公司为研究样本,利用社会角色理论分析了女性董事影响慈善捐赠的作用机理,相对于男性董事,女性董事的“公共型”特征使得她们天生就有同情心,乐于助人和关怀他人,此外还因受性别刻板印象的影响,使得女性董事更加关注慈善捐赠,也愿意积极参与上市公司的慈善捐赠决策.考虑到中国上市公司聘请女性董事可能存在自选择偏误问题,本文采用Heckman两阶段模型有效控制了自选择偏误产生的内生性问题.研究结果表明,董事会中有女性董事的上市公司的慈善捐赠多于没有女性董事的上市公司.文章的研究在一定程度上解释了女性董事为什么会影响上市公司的慈善捐赠,揭示了女性董事在董事会所扮演的角色,对上市公司聘请女性董事和积极履行社会责任都具有重要的参考价值.     

出口集聚之溢出效应研究——基于中国企业层面数据的实证分析

本文基于对出口集聚现象的细分和2007年中国规模以上企业数据,利用Heckman模型检验了由出口活动的空间集聚引发的出口溢出效应.研究的主要结论包括:出口集聚对本土企业出口决策及企业出口密度均具有显著的正溢出效应;出口集聚一出口溢出效应因出口企业所有权和行业差异而有所不同.其中本土出口企业集聚之溢出效应高于外资企业,行业内出口企业集聚之溢出效应高于行业间出口企业.基于中国东、中、西部三大地区相关数据的检验还显示,出口集聚一出口溢出效应在三大地区间亦各不相同,这与三大地区外贸发展的"梯度式"差异相一致.     

农产品生产主体质量安全多重认证行为研究

叠加认证能显著提升消费者对食品质量安全的信任程度和额外支付意愿。采用专业大户、合作社和龙头企业三类现代农业生产经营主体的数据,利用Heckman两阶段选择模型分析浙江省食用农产品生产主体的质量安全多重认证行为后发现,生产主体的多重认证行为除受生产主体的经营规模、人力资本、自有品牌状况等个体特征与市场结构特征显著影响外,还受到市场激励、主体责任压力和交易成本的显著影响。总体而言,生产主体的质量安全认证行为是在自身能力及环境约束下的成本收益权衡,生产主体的质量安全多重认证行为更主要是受市场激励和主体内在责任的驱动,而非政府的规制压力。     

强关系的价值——基于安徽农地流转的实证研究

运用Heckman两步法,结合对安徽799位农民的田野调查资料,建立了线性模型和双对数模型,研究农地大规模流转中强关系的价值。研究表明:强关系有无价值受性别、身份、人均耕地数量、租金水平和地域因素影响;强关系的绝对价值受性别、年龄、政治面貌、身份、相对经济状况、收入来源和地域因素影响;强关系的相对价值受年龄、受教育年限、家庭经济状况、收入来源、租金水平与地域等因素影响。     

Birnbaum–Saunders sample selection model

The sample selection bias problem occurs when the outcome of interest is only observed according to some selection rule, where there is a dependence structure between the outcome and the selection rule. In a pioneering work, J. Heckman proposed a sample selection model based on a bivariate normal distribution for dealing with this problem. Due to the non-robustness of the normal distribution, many alternatives have been introduced in the literature by assuming extensions of the normal distribution like the Student-t and skew-normal models. One common limitation of the existent sample selection models is that they require a transformation of the outcome of interest, which is common R+-valued, such as income and wage. With this, data are analyzed on a non-original scale which complicates the interpretation of the parameters. In this paper, we propose a sample selection model based on the bivariate Birnbaum–Saunders distribution, which has the same number of parameters that the classical Heckman model. Further, our associated outcome equation is R+-valued. We discuss estimation by maximum likelihood and present some Monte Carlo simulation studies. An empirical application to the ambulatory expenditures data from the 2001 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey is presented.     

Heterogeneity in returns to college education: selection bias in contemporary taiwan

The causal impact of higher education on earnings may be heterogeneous across different members of a population. Using a newly developed instrumental-variable method in economics, we illustrate heterogeneous treatment effects of higher education on earnings resulting from sorting mechanisms that select individuals with certain unobserved attributes into college education. The setting of our empirical work is contemporary Taiwan - a transitional economy that has recently experienced a rapid expansion in higher education. We find distinct patterns by gender, with selection bias most clearly shown among women but not among men: the college return to earnings is on average greater for women who actually attended college than women who did not attend college.     

贫困地区农户生计资本对大病风险冲击的影响研究——基于结构和水平的双重视角

农户的生计资本是其抵御大病风险的重要依赖.首先通过纳入心理资本维度对可持续生计理论进行拓展,利用桂、鄂、赣三省(自治区)农户微观调研数据,对农户生计资本进行量化.然后,基于生计资本的结构和水平双重视角,运用Heckman两阶段模型探讨农户生计资本对大病风险冲击的影响.研究发现:①农户生计资本具有结构和水平不均衡现象,各类资本测量值的大小顺序为心理资本>社会资本>人力资本>金融资本>物质资本>自然资本,心理资本最丰裕,自然资本最缺乏;结构上,53.46%的农户属于弱资本型,分维度资本结构中心理资本占优型和社会资本占优型农户较多,分别占样本总数的39.62%和32.52%.②农户生计资本的分维度水平对农户家庭是否遭受大病风险冲击有着显著的影响.其中,物质资本、金融资本和社会资本对农户是否遭受大病风险冲击有着显著的负向影响.③对遭受大病风险冲击的农户而言,无论是生计资本的结构还是水平均在减弱大病风险冲击的严重程度方面有着显著作用.水平上,资本总量和分维度水平均对大病风险冲击的严重程度有显著负向影响;结构上,人力资本占优型和金融资本占优型农户抵御风险的能力较强.     

破解贫困地区农村居民互联网购销行为密码——基于22省72县143个村庄2 137个农户的调查

网络购物行为研究中,研究主体多为城市居民或大学生,把农村居民作为研究主体非常罕见。农村居民不仅是消费者,也是生产者。解码贫困地区农村居民网络购物和销售行为,对提升贫困地区农村居民的福利具有重要政策意义。基于一个具有全国代表性的大样本微观调查数据,分析了贫困地区农村居民网络购销现状,运用Heckman两步法研究了贫困地区农村居民网络购销次数的决定因素。研究发现,10.25%的被调查农村居民具有网络自主购物或网络销售的经历,其中,具有网络自主购物行为比例（10.15%）远高于网络自主销售行为比例（0.89%）,具有网络代购和代销行为的比例分别为16.05%、0.91%。距最近快递点距离对贫困地区农村居民进行网络自主购销的可能性和次数具有显著负面影响,解决物流服务体系进村“最后一公里”问题有助于促进农村居民的网络购销行为。     

江西集体林区劳动力流动中的教育投资回报研究

本文利用2008年对江西省农户的调查数据,使用Mincer提出的人力资本模型对样本地区的农村劳动力教育回报率进行研究,分析了影响农民非农就业的因素和影响其非农收入水平的因素。研究结果表明受教育程度对非农就业有正的显著影响,教育投入的年回报率为6％左右。     

Influencing factors to have an additional child by working women in Korea

This study aims to explore the effects of individual and regional characteristics on working women’s intention of additional childbirth in Korea. Since most the individuals generally revolve within their own hierarchically structured regions, data from 2012 Population and Housing Census Statistics are utilized in the analysis. The hierarchical generalized liner model is employed to find out the effects of individual and regional factors, while comparisons of these results are made using the binary logistic model. And finally, Heckman 2-stage model is applied in order to determine if selection bias is present. The results indicate that the working women ultimately deal with economic aspects on their decision for additional childbirth. Regional characteristics variables, namely unemployment rate, city type, private education cost, workplace daycare facilities and government budget for childcare, reflect economic aspects in households. These findings address important policy implications to overcome low fertility rate in the era of increasing number of working women.