Revisiting the cooperation–competition paradox: A configurational approach to short- and long-term coopetition performance in business networks

Cooperation and competition are often viewed as incompatible, antagonistic forces, thus are operationalized as two extremes on a continuum. However, they can coexist and even enable each other, thus may be operationalized as orthogonal constructs. We address this contradictory phenomenon by developing a more granular view of the cooperation–competition paradox. Building on interdisciplinary research, we develop a three-dimensional model of relational space (fairness–opportunism, sharing–control, and engagement–rivalry), providing a novel tool with which to investigate the paradoxical interplay between cooperation and competition through eight operationalizable configurations. Using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we test our model by assessing how different configurations of interfirm relationships influence the short- and long-term success of a sample of 217 firms. Our findings show that only two of the eight possible relational configurations are associated with firm success, one in both the long and short term, and the other in the short term only.     

人性的坍圮和守望──论沈从文的乡土小说

沈从文以湘西边地风俗和社会历史人生为题材的作品,在中国南方地域文明的背景上,揭示了历史演进与人伦道德二律背反的永恒悖论,也为历史长河和人类生命神性的不竭长流作出了悲们而执著的注解。     

商品肉用牛皱胃溃疡病发生及流行病学研究

本文应用眼观和病理组织学方法,对282头商品肉用牛皱胃检测,证实胃溃疡病存在,发病率高,达79．4％。病变分布在胃底部和幽门部,以糜烂、溃疡和疤痕病变为主。初步分为复合型、多发型、多发性复合型、巨型、急性多发性糜烂型、急性溃疡型和出血性溃疡型等7种特殊类溃疡。皱胃病变组织未分离出病原意义的病菌。发病与胃内容物量及性状呈明显相关（P＜0．05）,发病、病变分布、病变程度与品种和性别无明显相关（P＞0．05）。不同月份发病存在差异,5月最高,9月最低,气温骤变热,发病增加,水牛较黄牛发病季节性明显。     

The Savvy Caregiver Program: Impact of an Evidence-Based Intervention on the Well-Being of Ethnically Diverse Caregivers

This article reports on the impact of the Savvy Caregiver Program (SCP) on English-speaking caregivers of Hispanic, Black/African American, and Asian/Pacific Islander descent. Caregivers completed a questionnaire prior to study enrollment, at 6 and 12 months postenrollment. Caregivers in all 3 ethnic groups showed more caregiver competence, reduced depression, greater tolerance for care recipients’ memory problems, better management of their overall situation, and improved perception of that situation 6 months and 12 months post-enrollment. The study demonstrates that in the sample studied the SCP was as effective in helping ethnically diverse caregivers as it has shown to be with Caucasian caregivers.     

罗素《论指称》研究的一个教条

罗素的《论指称》一文在研究成果中存在着一个教条,即该文的主旨是解决"非存在物"、"同一律失效"与"排中律失效"这三大哲学难题。实际上,罗素在1903年《数学原则》中的指称理论足以解决这三大哲学难题。《论指称》只是罗素解决悖论系列工作中的一部分。它为罗素提供了一种解决悖论的工具,即摹状词的逻辑分析方法。通过这种方法,罗素成功地消除了引发罗素悖论的"那个由不包含自身的类所组成的类",并维护了《数学原则》中的非受限变元原则。     

更富裕是否意味着更幸福?基于横截面时间序列数据的分析(2003-2013)

四十年前,经济学家伊斯特林提出了“幸福感悖论”:短时期内个人和国家的财富水平与幸福感都正向相关,而在长期背景下,经济增长并不会显著提高整体幸福感水平。本文使用横跨十年的全国代表性横截面时间序列数据直接检验了财富与幸福感的关系,结果证实了“幸福感悖论”。研究发现,虽然在短时期内,无论是家庭人均收入还是省份的人均生产总值都与幸福感有显著的正相关,但在经济高速发展的十年内(2003-2013),省份人均生产总值的变化与幸福感的变化之间并没有显著相关。     

专利正当性：阿罗悖论的困境及其重释

知识是由不同层级的信息所构成。构成发明的知识是显性知识和隐性知识的混合。隐性知识难以表达,也难于共享,并不具有公共产品的属性。这使得传统上用以阐释专利正当性的“阿罗信息公开悖论”理论缺乏逻辑和实践的解释力,因而需要重释“阿罗悖论”。隐性知识在一定条件下可以外化为显性知识,专利正当性在于激励发明人将隐性知识外化。它以专利文献为媒介而将隐性知识外化代码向公众公开,以排他权为手段来激励发明人承担隐性知识外化的成本,从而实现隐性知识的扩散（转移）。这表明,未能编码化的隐性知识不受专利保护。在公开充分性条件、普通技术人员标准、现有技术界定、实验例外等重要的专利制度方面,应该防止对专利权人的过分保护。     

The Role of Appraisal and Expressive Support in Mediating Strain and Gain in Hispanic Alzheimer's Disease Caregivers

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine how appraisal of burden and satisfaction, and perception of expressive support mediate the effects of caregiving on depression, somatic complaints, life satisfaction and personal gain with a sample of Hispanic Alzheimer's disease (AD) primary caregivers. A purposive-snowball sampling technique was used to identify 103 Hispanic caregivers, who completed a self-report questionnaire. A translation-back-translation process was used to translate the instruments into Spanish. Translated instruments were then pilot tested prior to being administered to the participants. Appraisal of burden was found to mediate the effects of caregiving on depression and somatic complaints and had significant direct effects on life satisfaction. Appraisal of satisfaction did not have a mediating effect on any of the measures, but did have a direct effect on depression and personal gain. Expressive support did have a mediating effect on depression, as well as direct effects on somatic complaints and life satisfaction. These findings suggest a need for improving outreach to older minorities and developing culturally sensitive interventions that can improve caregivers' understanding of problematic behavior, thereby altering appraisal of the situation, as well as developing extended systems of support.     

Factors Associated with Drug Treatment Entry Patterns Among Hispanic Women Injection Drug Users Seeking Treatment

SUMMARY

This paper examines patterns of drug treatment entry and factors that are associated with these patterns among 1,849 Hispanic women injection drug users (IDUs). The data analyzed originates from a statewide drug-treatment database covering seven years, 1996–2002. Through the use of logistic regression analyses, the study identified significant differences in predisposing, need and enabling factors in the use of detoxification only, residential treatment, or methadone maintenance. Compared to other Hispanics, Puerto Rican women were 40 percent less likely to use only detoxification services and one and a half times more likely to use methadone maintenance. Having health insurance was an especially important factor associated with methadone treatment utilization. Two of the most important factors associated with residential treatment use were history of mental health services utilization and involvement with the criminal justice system. This article discusses specific social work practice implications including the need for social work practitioners to promote services such as residential treatment, to be trained in treatment of co-occurring mental health disorders, especially among women in residential treatment, and the need to establish close linkages with the mental health and criminal justice systems.     

Sexual Behaviors of Hispanic Emerging Adults: Examining the Immigrant Paradox

The current study examined the immigrant paradox regarding risky sexual behaviors of Hispanic emerging adults from a social learning perspective, theorizing that the immigrant paradox could partially be explained by the sexual lyrical content contained in music. Participants included 173 Hispanic emerging adults from South America, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Central America, and Mexico. The current study examined sexual lyrical content along with gender, generational status, family structure, economic hardship, and religiosity. Participant gender was associated with age at first date, with male participants engaging in unsupervised dating activities earlier than female participants, and number of dating partners, with female participants reporting more dating partners than male participants. Results from hierarchical regression analyses indicated that sexual lyrical content in music could partially explain the immigrant paradox regarding risky sexual behaviors of Hispanic emerging adults.