论"语言转向"的发生

“语言转向”发源于20世纪初的逻辑分析学派,它的发生基于自然科学的发展,尤其是数学史上的罗素悖论与物理学史上相对论的提出;而古希腊哲学、近代哲学都与自然科学的发展密切相关,因而“语言转向”在逻辑上是对哲学传统的继续。在方法上它一反传统的归纳演绎代之以逻辑分析;在思路上抛弃了近代哲学的理性标准而关注问题的根本———语言,因而它又是对哲学传统的反叛。但纯科学主义立场的缺陷也决定了它必然走向新的发展。     

Hispanic Adolescent Girls’ Attitudes Toward School

Hispanic adolescent girls are at elevated risk for dropping out of school. The authors interviewed 54 Hispanic adolescent girls who were attending after-school programs in the New York metropolitan area. The study investigated how the multiple factors of mother–daughter and friend mutuality, coping, acculturation, self-esteem, depression and family environment influenced the way these girls felt about school. The final logistical regression analysis appeared to support our hypothesis that girls who have a higher degree of mutuality with their mothers will be more likely to like school a lot. In addition, girls who liked school a lot were significantly more likely to have higher overall grades and to be somewhat religious. Findings are discussed within the context of the empirical and theoretical literature and implications for prevention of school drop-out are considered.     

Comparative Ignorance and the Ellsberg Paradox

We investigate the evaluation of known (where probability is known) and unknown (where probability is unknown) bets in comparative and non-comparative contexts. A series of experiments support the finding that ambiguity avoidance persists in both comparative and non-comparative conditions. The price difference between known and unknown bets is, however, larger in a comparative evaluation than in separate evaluation. Our results are consistent with Fox and Tversky's (1995) Comparative Ignorance Hypothesis, but we find that the strong result obtained by Fox and Tversky is more fragile and the complete disappearance of ambiguity aversion in non-comparative condition may not be as robust as Fox and Tversky had supposed.     

流行病学转变--人口变化的流行病学理论的形成和发展

本文主要综述了流行病学转变理论的形成和发展,重点介绍了流行病学转变理论的四个基本概念,流行病学转变与人口和社会变化之间的关系,流行病学转变的机理,流行病学转变的影响因素及其在转变中的作用.     

A Note on the Living Arrangements of Elders 1970–2000, with Special Emphasis on Hispanic Subgroup Differentials

Previous research suggests that Hispanic elders, as a group, have been much more likely to live with others, especially adult children, than have other, especially non-Hispanic White, elders. It has also tracked an increase in solitary and couple-only living among the latter group since the turn of the century. However, it has not tracked changed living arrangements among Hispanic elders. When we do so, we find little aggregate change since 1970, but noteworthy change in different directions among different Hispanic subgroups. Thus aggregate figures for a diverse minority group may be masking very real changes and makes it all the more imperative that we consider different Latino groups separately and try to better understand issues of immigration and acculturation.     

The role of assets in improving college attainment among Hispanic immigrant youth in the U.S.

Despite the importance of higher education, Hispanic immigrant youth still have far lower college attainment rate than whites in the U.S. Existing studies show the significant role of household assets on educational attainment even after controlling for income. Thus, this study examines the role of homeownership and school savings on Hispanic immigrant youth's college attendance and graduation. Findings show that homeownership is a significant positive predictor of Hispanic immigrant youth's college attendance and graduation, but parent school savings is not a significant predictor. Policy and practice implications discussed.     

“鲍曼悖论”及其理论解释——来自我国上市公司的经验证据

本文基于2000-2009年我国十个行业225家上市公司的资产回报率数据,分别采用方差法和序数法度量战略风险,并通过风险/收益计算窗口的提前或滞后安排对鲍曼悖论的存在性及其可能解释进行实证检验。研究发现,由于数据严重左偏,用方差法度量战略风险会导致虚假的实证结果,而基于序数法的元分析结果揭示我国上市公司战略风险和滞后收益间存在显著的负相关关系,支持风险隐性成本说关于战略风险-收益关系的因果论证。     

进京保姆：一种特殊的女性劳动力转移模式——基于L村的个案分析

劳动力转移流向和从业领域的高度一致,使“进京保姆”成为L村女性劳动力转移的一种特殊模式。这种模式既打破了以往“男主外、女主内”的性别分工,也强化了市场化分工在当前劳动力转移中的主导作用。L村女性劳动力转移经历了由生存理性到经济理性和社会理性的转变。由理性选择促成的“保姆经济”成为L村经济发展和观念更新的重要动因。从长远看,L村女性劳动力集中进京已经造成村庄内婚姻家庭解体、儿童老人问题突出等诸多问题。这种“发展的悖论”应是后续研究和决策所必须面对和解决的问题。     

Strategies for improving child welfare services for families of color: First findings of a community-based initiative in Los Angeles

A disproportionate number of families served in child welfare are families of color. But relatively few strategies for helping families of color have been monitored for their impact. This article reports early findings from a Los Angeles County based public child welfare office that has continuously developed, tracked, and has now begun to assess strategies supporting preservation and reunification of families of color. Some promising trends revealed by a four year data period include the reduction of number of African-American children within the caseload, reductions in substantiated referrals and removals. The most recently developed strategy, which uses specialized four person case management teams, was evaluated through the use of a comparison group. Public agency data revealed that families served by the team, compared with families served through customary agency services, had improved outcomes, including a higher percentage of cases closed with the child remaining in the home, and greater permanency exits from foster care. Additionally the data revealed that the case management team developed to mitigate disproportionality among African-American families also improved outcomes for Hispanic/Latino families.     

Immigration and the Family Circumstances of Mexican‐Origin Children: A Binational Longitudinal Analysis

Using data from the birth cohort of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (n = 1,200) and the Mexican Family Life Survey (n = 1,013), this study investigated the living arrangements of Mexican‐origin preschool children. The analysis examined children's family circumstances in both sending and receiving countries, used longitudinal data to capture family transitions, and considered the intersection between nuclear and extended family structures. Between ages 0–1 and 4–5, Mexican children of immigrants experienced significantly more family instability than children in Mexico. They were more likely to transition from 2‐parent to single‐parent families and from extended family households to simple households. There were fewer differences between U.S. children with immigrant versus native parents, but the higher level of single parenthood among children of natives at ages 0–1 and the greater share making transitions from a 2‐parent to a single‐parent family suggest ongoing erosion of children's family support across generations in the United States.