Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions for Anxiety Disorders: Rapid Review Suggestion of Larger Effects among Hispanic than Non-Hispanic White People

ABSTRACT

Anxiety disorders are common among Hispanic people. Evidence-based guidelines indicate cognitive-behavioral interventions (CBI), but they were developed primarily with non-Hispanic white (NHW) people. This rapid scoping review and meta-analysis clarified the relative effectiveness of CBI with Hispanics and NHW people with anxiety disorders and explored the clinical effects of cultural modifications among Hispanic people. Evidence from nine studies in the United States and one in Puerto Rico was synthesized. Meta-analysis of four randomized controlled trials (RCT) found no statistically or practically significant differences between Hispanic and NHW participants on anxiety alleviation. Both groups enjoyed large clinical benefits. However, a significantly greater drop-out rate among Hispanic participants was found. Meta-analytic adjustment for this study characteristic of loss to follow-up suggested a somewhat larger clinical benefit among NHW people. Scoping synthesis of six non-RCTs suggested that deep cultural adaptations of CBI would substantially improve outcomes among Hispanic people. Consistent with Hispanic-paradox and barrio advantage theories such culturally sensitive interventions may well take beneficial Hispanic outcomes beyond those of NHW people. This field's synthetic knowledge, therefore, essentially consists of two competing hypotheses that will require rigorous testing with a necessarily larger and better controlled RCT than has been represented in this field thus far.     

道德悖论与道德选择

道德悖论是悖论的一个特殊领域,是道德现象世界中一种特殊的矛盾,是一种出现在行为选择的结果、具有善恶绝对对立和对抗性质的自相矛盾。道德悖论是由道德价值实现的特殊性、人的道德价值判断能力的不足和事实判断与价值判断的分离而造成的。可以从道德选择的角度,通过改造德性主义的道德传统,提高道德选择能力,用"道德智慧"消解道德悖论,以推动伦理学理论更趋于科学性。     

论"语言转向"的发生

“语言转向”发源于20世纪初的逻辑分析学派,它的发生基于自然科学的发展,尤其是数学史上的罗素悖论与物理学史上相对论的提出;而古希腊哲学、近代哲学都与自然科学的发展密切相关,因而“语言转向”在逻辑上是对哲学传统的继续。在方法上它一反传统的归纳演绎代之以逻辑分析;在思路上抛弃了近代哲学的理性标准而关注问题的根本———语言,因而它又是对哲学传统的反叛。但纯科学主义立场的缺陷也决定了它必然走向新的发展。     

论企业集群的优势创造与保持:制度的视角

全球化条件下的“位置悖论”促进了企业集群的理论研究与政策应用。在本文中,笔者解释了“位置悖论”,在此基础上提出并分析了“集群悖论”。制度是企业集群竞争优势的基础,集群治理是企业集群长期竞争优势的制度基础。     

Mixture models in measurement error problems, with reference to epidemiological studies

Summary. The paper focuses on a Bayesian treatment of measurement error problems and on the question of the specification of the prior distribution of the unknown covariates. It presents a flexible semiparametric model for this distribution based on a mixture of normal distributions with an unknown number of components. Implementation of this prior model as part of a full Bayesian analysis of measurement error problems is described in classical set-ups that are encountered in epidemiological studies: logistic regression between unknown covariates and outcome, with a normal or log-normal error model and a validation group. The feasibility of this combined model is tested and its performance is demonstrated in a simulation study that includes an assessment of the influence of misspecification of the prior distribution of the unknown covariates and a comparison with the semiparametric maximum likelihood method of Roeder, Carroll and Lindsay. Finally, the methodology is illustrated on a data set on coronary heart disease and cholesterol levels in blood.     

Time,bounded utility,and the St. Petersburg paradox

The assumption of bounded utility function resolves the St. Petersburg paradox. The justification for such a bound is provided by Brito, who argues that limited time will bound the utility function. However, a reformulated St. Petersburg game, which is played for both money and time, effectively circumvents Brito's justification for a bound. Hence, no convincing justification for bounding the utility function yet exists.     

与世界如恋人般争吵的诗人——谈罗伯特·弗洛斯特矛盾的世界观

"我与世界如恋人般地争吵",这是诗人罗伯特·弗洛斯特为自己写下的墓志铭.这句话可谓是弗洛斯特人生态度的真实写照,体现了他矛盾的世界观.通过对弗洛斯特诗歌的分析,我们发现诗人既热爱世界,又对世界不满;诗人对世界的"爱"和"争吵"既是矛盾的,又是统一的.解读弗洛斯特矛盾的世界观,了解他诗歌中展现的对立与统一,有助于我们更好地认识世界,更好地处世和生活.     

对“Easterlin悖论”的解读——基于农民工的视角

基于CHIPs调研数据可知,农民工收入与其幸福感的关系同样表现出“Easterlin悖论”。实证研究结果表明：（1）对农民工幸福感起正向作用的并非家庭收入本身,而是扣除生活必要开支后的剩余部分,说明农民工幸福水平的提升并不止步于基本需求的满足。（2）农民工与城市居民间的收入差距严重损害其幸福感,但随着农民工收入的提高,其损害程度会逐步降低;与同村村民间的收入差距仅负向影响低收入者的幸福感。（3）收入对新老一代农民工幸福感的影响呈现出明显的代际差异,与新生代农民工相比,老一代农民工更关注经济因素的作用,与城市居民、同村村民间的收入差距均不利于老一代农民工幸福水平的提升;但对新生代农民工而言,与同村村民间的收入差距作用并不显著,说明他们并不将同村村民视为相对收入的参照对象。（4）当前,农民工的幸福感并非局限于单一的经济诉求,健康状况、教育水平、婚姻状况、流动方式等非经济因素同样作用明显。     

Reversing welfare reform? Immigrant restoration efforts and food stamp receipt among Mexican immigrant families

The safety net that immigrants face today differs significantly from the immediate post-Welfare Reform era in terms of eligibility and economic context. To inform debates on immigrant access to the safety net, this paper examines implications of the 2002 Farm Security and Rural Investment Act, which restored food stamp eligibility to nearly two-thirds of immigrants who lost eligibility under Welfare Reform. Using data from the 1995–2013 Current Population Survey and a difference-in-difference design, I examine how restoration efforts have influenced food stamp participation and food insecurity rates among low-income Mexican immigrant households with children. I then examine trends in food stamp receipt across policy and economic changes since Welfare Reform. Overall, results suggest that immigrant restoration efforts have reversed some but not all of the negative consequences of Welfare Reform and that immigrant households' use of food stamps has increased, particularly in the wake of the Great Recession.     

A Collectivity of Impaired Elderly in an Acute Care Hospital

This paper describes practice in a collectivity of im- paired, elderly patients in an acute care hospital, and explores work- er and entity development through the use of a qualitative research design. The study indicates that the mobilization of essential sub- systems enhanced the potential of this helping form. The study also suggests that worker competence preceded entity development, and that both were influenced positively by the research methodology that was employed. The impact of the improved collectivity on the hospital system is discussed.