中国环境史的兴起和学术渊源问题

关于中国环境史的兴起和学术渊源,中国学者已进行了比较系统的分析和总结,并形成了两类典型的叙述.在此基础上,值得进一步考虑的一个重要问题是,如何看待国外环境史的引入以及此前中国学界许多领域所涉及的相关研究对于当前中国环境史学科建构的意义.如果说,国外环境史成果为我们展示了构建环境史学科框架的蓝图,那么,中国学者的相关研究则为我们提供了建设中国环境史学科的基石和砖瓦.迄今,中国环境史学科大厦尚处于设计之中,其建设必将是一项巨大、艰辛的工程.     

城市空间架构的文化维度

人类面对来自自身和环境的双重压力和挑战,无法回避城市化进程中的历史悖论,从城市空间架构的文化维度来审视城市的建设和发展,将具有重要的现实意义。城市文化空间由城市传统文化的历史空间、城市现实文化的多元化格局以及城市未来文化的伸展空间等方面构成,城市文化空间架构应注意城市空间的文化的绵延性、空间展开的多样性及其超时空性。     

《中国廿六史及明清实录东亚关系史料全辑》的编纂综述及史料价值

中韩两国合作项目《中国廿六史及明清实录东亚三国关系史料全辑》,是介绍古代中国、朝鲜(韩国)、日本三国关系的大型史料工具书,它的出版,具有重大的学术价值和深远的现实意义.     

Discourses of cultural heritage in times of crisis: The case of the Parthenon Marbles

The paper focuses on the commodification and politicisation of cultural heritage using as a case study the ongoing debate on the return of the Parthenon Marbles from the U.K. to Greece, recently reignited by the press release for the movie The Monuments Men in 2014. Greece has been in the throes of a severe financial crisis for over six years with the ever imminent threat of Grexit constantly disputed. In parallel with this ongoing turmoil, discourses of Greek antiquity have been persistently prominent in the media. In this context, we problematise the complex nexus of relationships between the financial crisis, national identity and cultural heritage. We combine the Discourse‐Historical Approach and Interactional Sociolinguistics drawing data from an online forum, and investigate how the users negotiate pro‐/anti‐return positions and make the financial crisis relevant in the argumentation process. The analysis shows that history, identity, value, and debt are recontextualised in relation to the Parthenon sculptures. The analysis identifies an underlying process of value trade off and brings the current political and economic environment to the fore. We close the paper by foregrounding the implications of our study and provide directions for further research.     

Linking Electronic Medical Records Use to Physicians’ Performance: A Contextual Analysis

Electronic Medical Records (EMR) studies have broadly tested EMR use and outcomes, producing mixed and inconclusive results. This study carefully considers the healthcare delivery context and examines relevant mediating variables. We consider key characteristics of: (i) interdependence in healthcare delivery processes, (ii) physician autonomy, and (iii) the trend of hospital employment of physicians, and draw on theoretical perspectives in coordination, shared values, and agency to explain how the use of EMR can improve physicians’ performance. In order to examine the effects of physician employment on work practices in the hospital, we collected 583 data points from 302 hospitals in 47 states in the USA to test two models: one for employed and another for nonemployed physicians. Results show that information sharing and shared values among healthcare delivery professionals fully mediate the relationship between EMR use and physicians’ performance. Next, physician employment determines which mediating variable constitutes the pathway from EMR use to physicians’ performance. Finally, we highlight the impact of shared values between the hospital and physicians in enhancing information sharing and physicians’ performance, extending studies of these behaviors among network partners in industrial settings. Overall, our study shows that EMR use should be complemented by processual (information sharing), social (shared values), and structural (physician employment) mechanisms to yield positive effects on physicians’ performance.     

改琦和海内外孤本《先贤谱图》考

过去对清代画家改琦的介绍都很零散,且对其作品也没有系统的罗列。本文根据各种历史资料,首次厘清了改琦的家世和祖籍,其次陈述了对海内孤本《先贤谱图》的鉴定和艺术价值,再次分析了文字狱海富润事件对改琦创作《先贤谱图》和其他艺术作品的深刻影响,然后概括介绍了《先贤谱图》的主要内容;文章最后对《先贤谱图》的原创力、对改琦艺术作品和艺术思想,及其文化综合主义世界观作了初步的探讨。     

中国城镇化:历史道路、制度根源与国际经验

中国城镇化发展的每一个历史阶段,都对应了中国经济社会发展中需要解决的核心问题。当前中国城镇化发展面临的瓶颈,其形成有深刻的社会历史制度根源。要从全球及中国发展大战略的角度,历史性地考察中国城镇化道路的历史演变及其逻辑,探寻中国城镇化发展瓶颈的社会历史制度根源,并借鉴国际经验,推动新型城镇化的健康发展。为此,需要在战略认知方面,突破城镇化发展传统思维的束缚,形成创新性的新型城镇化发展战略的理念;在制度建构方面,形成推动和保障城镇化发展的有针对性的战略框架;在动员多元主体力量与资源方面,要实行多元主体间的协调合作,打造城镇化发展的组织化支持系统。     

试论马克思恩格斯辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义思想对当代的价值与启示

在世界陷入新一轮金融危机的情况下,人们重新发现一个多世纪前的马克思主义以其真理性的理论准确地预测并指导着人们的实践,自苏东剧变后受到冷遇的马克思主义再次被世人正视。文章通过分析马克思恩格斯辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义思想,对当今国内外重大理论和现实问题进行分析,并提出这些思想给我们的启示。     

唯物史观与《资本论》的创作过程

《资本论》的创作过程是马克思从政治经济学的研究开始,经历了政治经济学研究对象和方法的确定、理论体系的构建,最后明确为写作《资本论》“四卷结构”的过程.马克思对政治经济学研究的过程,是马克思创立唯物史观并论证其科学性的过程.唯物史观的创立及运用,使马克思在对政治经济学理论体系的结构研究中,逐步明确了《资本论》的研究任务,《资本论》“四卷结构”的形成是政治经济学理论体系的结构整体拓展的重要方面.唯物史观的创立及运用,也使马克思在《资本论》的创作中,逐步明确了研究对象,并把对社会生产关系的分析放到了社会矛盾运动的整体中.     

Age at First Marriage and Age at Death in the Lincolnshire Fenland, 1252–1478

In five Lincolnshire villages between 1252 and 1478 there is evidence that men and women married fairly late before the Black Death, and that by 1348/9 the Western European marriage pattern of late and prudential marriage was well established. Households were usually nucleated; husbands were on average eight years older than their wives before 1348/9, and five years older after 1348/9. Marriages were short: according to the best calculation shorter before 1348/9 than after, most often terminated by the death of the first husband, and were unlikely to produce more than three children. Since there were more males than females amongst children and young adults, many men remained unmarried, but since the death rate of women was very high, men lived longer.