于显在主题之外找寻异质——《创业史》再解读

《创业史》的显在主题明确而唯一。然而文本中的异质成分却构成潜在的主题,在一定程度上解构了显在的主题:对个体劳动的礼赞,冲击了以公有制强行取代私有制的国家意志;对合理诉求的再现,表现了“异己者”要求平等自由、言行一致的有效追问;对女性命运的书写,凸显了社会主义新人梁生宝的人格缺失。在文本显在主题所依附的政治意义遭遇颠覆的今天,正是这些异质成分使文本具有了超越时代的价值。     

浅谈《蒙古秘史》的文化蕴层

《蒙古秘史》是蒙古学、蒙元史研究必不可少的第一手史料。正是其所处的位置与自身拥有的价值意义,促成自上世纪以来研究、考证、笺注、释对等一系列工作的繁荣。虽然在这一过程中有人对《秘史》的文化蕴层有所意见,但却是零星和不够全面的。①本文从物质文化蕴层、精神文化蕴层及其史诗性文学和语言价值几个方面考察《秘史》,以期对《秘史》的文化蕴层给予一个较为全面的概述胪列。     

An Australian history of the subordination of midwifery

This paper analyses the history of the subordination of midwifery to medicine and nursing. With the important exception of Evan Willis’ work on medical dominance and Annette Summers’ work on the takeover of midwifery by nursing, other histories of Australian midwifery have taken a neutral approach to issue of power and control. The aim of analysing this period is to identify the strategies of power that were used to subordinate midwifery. With increased consciousness of how power has operated in the past, midwives and woman of today can be more empowered when seeking to promote normal birth and midwifery models of care.Concepts of ‘power’, ‘the state’ and midwife are defined and discussed. A summary of the decline of midwifery and the rise of obstetrics in Europe and the United Kingdom (UK) gives a background against which to understand the Australian experience. The historical account given here draws to a climax by focussing on the period 1886–1928. It was during this time that medicine forged an alliance with nursing and achieved both legal and disciplinary control of midwifery. Knowing how this was done is important because it helps us to recognise the power strategies that are currently being used by medicine. This is helpful when planning how these strategies might be matched or countered by contemporary woman and midwives when seeking to promote normal birth and midwifery models of care.     

基督教与现代临终关怀的理念与实践

作为现代医疗体系一部分的临终关怀主要出现和发展于西方社会,其中,西方社会文化中的基督教信仰传统为其提供了重要的思想资源,以及实践的建制、人员和场所。基督教对临终关怀的提供者,以及对于作为其信徒的临终者和亲属所提供的关于生死问题的信仰关怀和安慰,都与其教义和信仰实践有着紧密的关联。了解基督教在历史上以及现代实践中如何影响了现代临终关怀理念和实践,有助于更为全面和深刻地理解现代临终关怀,进而更适切地展开临终关怀服务。     

美国进出口银行立法的历史发展及其对完善我国进出口银行制度的启示

美国进出口银行的历史发展,在内容上主要表现为其相对独立法律地位的确立及其与政府行政机构间的关系的成熟和完善,在形式上的表现则是其法律制度的建立和完善。美国进出口银行的历史发展,对完善我国包括进出口银行在内的政策性金融制度具有启示意义。     

Medieval propaganda, longue durée and New History: Towards a nonlinear approach to the history of public relations

This article offers a new perspective on the historical approach to public relations by drawing from the work of French medievalist Jacques Le Goff, who was the principal representative of the Nouvelle Histoire (New History) French historiographical movement. Based on the notions of mentality and longue durée, which Le Goff inherited from the Annales movement, we propose that a nonlinear approach to the history of public relations will help to extend its time scale back to the beginnings of civilization. This seeks to overcome the historical boundaries usually established between the prehistory (or proto-history) and the history of public relations as a profession.     

Public intellectuals,political satire and the birth of activist public relations: The case of Attic Comedy

The purpose of this article is to explore the origins of dissent public relations and to establish its emergence in the context of the ancient Greek comedy represented by Aristophanes. Indeed, Attic Comedy (also known as Old Comedy) was the first great example of today’s mass communication, in which political satire was used to dissent and protest against political and social circumstances in fifth-century BC Athens. This situation was conditioned by the Peloponnesian War and its political, economic and social consequences. From this perspective, this article also constitutes an investigation into the intellectual history of public relations, of which Aristophanes can be considered to be one of the first practitioners.     

浅谈《蒙古秘史》中的婚姻状况

通过对《蒙古秘史》中所记载的蒙古族婚姻状况分析 ,作者认为在 1 3世纪前 ,蒙古族就已进入较稳定的一夫一妻制且形成了一整套的婚姻规章     

白寿彝先生的治学与他的中国通史编纂

白寿彝先生在历史学的许多领域都取得了卓越的成就,晚年主要集中在回族史、中国史学史、中国通史等方面,并表现出总结性、成熟性和继续创新性三个特点。其中中国通史在他的学术规模中居于核心的地位,是他一生研究历史学的最高追求。他带领国内史学家,历20个春秋,终于完成体裁新颖的多卷本中国通史,实现了一个世纪中国史家的愿望,把自己的学术事业推向了辉煌的最高点。     

对历史以及历史认识的再思考?

什么是历史以及历史认识是否可信,一直是史坛争论的焦点。《说文解字》、《中国历史研究法》、《史学导论》都分别做出了自己的解答。而事实上,过去的一切皆为史;而历史认识也只是相对真理,历史实际的纷繁复杂性、史料的不完整性和待考究性以及历史认识的主体性,都决定了不能完全认识历史。但历史认识仍然具有不可替代的价值。