马戛尔尼觐见乾隆皇帝礼仪照会翻译之考析

马戛尔尼觐见乾隆皇帝的礼仪照会怎样译出、由谁译出的问题在学界虽有论者提及，但并无定论。梳理使团成员日记、著作等原始资料以及相应汉译文可知，论者对礼仪照会的翻译问题莫衷一是与汉语译本中的误译不无关系。以英文资料为基础，比较使团成员对礼仪照会翻译的叙述能还原史实真相，能一窥当时特殊历史背景下翻译活动的特征和形态。     

Understanding the resilience of mail-back survey methods: An analysis of 20 years of change in response rates to national park surveys

Coverage and response rate challenges facing telephone and internet surveys have encouraged scientists to reconsider mail data collection methods. Although response rates to telephone surveys have declined sharply in the last 20 years, it is unclear how response rates to mail have fared during this time. This study analyzes 179 mail-back surveys of visitors to US National Parks from 1988 to 2007, which used virtually the same administration procedures throughout the period. Results show that response rates, based on only those who initially agreed to return a questionnaire, have remained at a high level with a 76% average while the number of questions and pages steadily increased. Despite this rise in response burden, rates have declined only moderately from about 80% in the late 1980s to about 70% more recently. The roles of additional contacts and survey salience in maintaining high response rates are examined. Results suggest that mail-back surveys for obtaining information from quasi-general public populations remain an effective data collection procedure.     

Leadership behavior and employee well-being: An integrated review and a future research agenda

Leadership behavior has a significant impact on employee behavior, performance and well-being. Extant theory and research on leadership behavior, however, has predominantly focused on employee performance, treating employee well-being (typically measured as job satisfaction) as a secondary outcome variable related to performance, rather than as an important outcome in and of itself. This qualitative state of the science review examines the process by which leadership behavior (i.e., change, relational, task, passive) affects employee well-being. We identify five mediator groupings (social-cognitive, motivational, affective, relational, identification), extend the criterion space for conceptualizing employee well-being (i.e., psychological: hedonic, eudaimonic, negative; and physical), examine the limited evidence for differential processes that underlie the leader behavior-employee well-being relationship and discuss theoretical and methodological problems inherent to the literature. We conclude by proposing a theoretical framework to guide a future research agenda on how, why and when leadership behavior impacts employee well-being.     

论建立国际刑事法院的法律意义

《罗马规约》的通过及国际刑事法院的建立 ,与《联合国宪章》正义、和平的基本精神一脉相承。在国际社会经济一体化的发展趋势下 ,《罗马规约》为国际化法治进程提供了发展契机。对于惩治已然犯罪的实然性、威慑未然犯罪的应然性方面 ,新诞生的国际刑事法院作为国际特设刑事法庭缺失的弥补 ,会成为国际社会惩治严重国际犯罪的最佳法律武器。     

Children Born of Sexual and Gender‐Based Violence in Conflict: The International Criminal Court,Ecological Environments and Human Development

Children born of sexual and gender‐based violence in conflict have slowly gained international attention, even featuring in international criminal justice processes, such as those at the International Criminal Court (ICC). These children suffer unique harms due to the circumstances surrounding their birth, with a burgeoning literature documenting the long‐term and multigenerational impact on their development. This article contributes to this existing literature by applying Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of human development to ICC responses to these children, yielding a more nuanced understanding of the ICC as part of the ecological environment in which child development occurs.     

清代中央政府对西藏行政管理的财政支出

本文主要探讨了清廷对西藏行政管理的财政支出问题,分析研究了驻藏大臣的设立与财务审核管理、爵位与俸禄、赏赐与罚没、台站支出、赈灾支出、铸币管理、管理贸易和矿业等方面的内容,从而说明财政对清廷在西藏的行政管理及施政水平的影响.     

Collegial oligarchy and networks of normative alignments in transnational institution building

This paper presents a combined relational and cultural approach to transnational institution building by focusing on a network analysis of a small collegial oligarchy and normative alignments among its peers. To contribute to a theory of institutionalization, we propose hypotheses about whom professionals as institutional entrepreneurs are likely to select as members of their collegial oligarchy, about the role of social networks among them in identifying these leaders, and about the costs of alignments on these leaders’ normative choices. We test these hypotheses using mainly Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) applied to a dataset including network information and normative choices collected at the so-called Venice Forum – a field-configuring event that was central in creating and mobilizing a network of European patent judges for the construction of a new transnational institution, the European Unified Patent Court. We track normative alignments on the collegial hierarchy in this network of judges and their divergent interpretations of the contemporary European patent. Highlighting this under-examined articulation of relational infrastructures and cultural framing in transnational institutionalization shows how Northern European forms of capitalism tend to dominate in this institutionalization process at the expense of the Southern European forms. It also helps reflect on the usefulness of analyses of small networks of powerful players in organizational societies, where power and influence are highly concentrated.     

Predicting program success for adult offenders with serious mental illness in a court ordered diversion program

ABSTRACT

Individuals with mental illnesses are disproportionately involved with the criminal justice system and are now being diverted from jails to community-based supervision. This study examines secondary data from a state hospital, mental health diversion program. Logistic regression was used to examine risk factors that best predicted successful program completion. Results indicate that non-whites are more likely to complete. Participants in supervised housing, ever been re-hospitalized, diagnosed with a depressive or psychotic disorder or who had their probation revoked were less likely to complete. Findings indicate practitioners should provide a holistic and individually oriented treatment approach for success.     

李宓其人及被奉为将军洞本主新探

在南诏文化和白族本主研究中,李宓是一个重要的历史人物和本主祀神。李宓在唐王朝与南诏的政治斗争中是重要的当事人和执行者,他是中国历史上民族战争中的牺牲品。将李宓奉为本主是白族特殊文化的表现形式。我们要以历史的科学辩证的眼光来分析评判这一文化现象。     

论美国联邦最高法院司法审查权的平衡作用

美国联邦最高法院的司法审查权在解决宪政体制的冲突中发挥了重大的平衡作用。从宪政结构的三个层面即国会与总统的关系、联邦与州的关系、政府与公民的关系上进行考察 ,可以充分理解美国联邦最高法院的司法审查权的平衡作用。这种司法审查权保障了三重分权 ,维护了宪政结构 ,促进了美国政治及政治形态的发展。