Research Subject Advocate: A New Protector of Research Participants

In 2001, the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) directed the 78 General Clinical Research Centers (GCRC) to develop a Research Subject Advocate (RSA) position. The RSA would report directly to the Principal Investigator (PI) of each GCRC and assure compliance of studies conducted on the GCRC with federal regulations and policies. Seven RSAs agreed to be interviewed about their new role. Website documents, electronic correspondence, and presentations at the first annual national meeting of RSAs were scrutinized using discursive analysis to shed light on this new organizational form and its potential for increased protection of human research participants. The RSA role actualizes the ethical principles of respect for persons, justice, and beneficence that are the foundation of the protection of research participants. The results also reveal the regulatory, institutional, collegial, and personal resources and barriers that assist the RSA in the successful implementation of the RSA role. In addition, issues important to the RSAs are described.     

论苏洵的“人情”观及苏、王关系

苏洵<辨奸论>的真伪问题,一直是学界争议的话题.此前的研究,多从版本和史实考订的角度切入,取得了很大进展,但尚难说得以圆满解决.本文试以考察苏洵的"人情"观为重点,观照决定苏、王关系的深刻思想分歧,有些疑难似更容易理解.     

Family and school capital explaining regional variation in math and reading achievement

We know that inequality varies by region and also begins early in life. Bivariate data suggest that 5–14-year-old children in the 1994 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) score differently in reading and mathematics achievement depending on their region, with children in the South and West scoring lower. We combine literatures on regional bases of inequality and family and school capital to generate hypotheses explaining these differences. Analyses of covariance provide supportive evidence. For both outcomes among boys, the variation is explained by additive models including family and child social and human capital, although selected aspects of school capital are also influential; these models also explain math achievement among girls. A model including both additive and interactive effects explains regional differences in reading achievement for girls. We interpret these findings in terms of their implications for studying inequality in child achievement as well as for emphasizing the importance of regional inequality, particularly beyond the South versus non-South distinction.     

Generic charisma - Conceptualization and measurement

In these times, when fame is available to almost anyone, it is worth being able to measure the extent and dimensions of a person's charisma. Most of the research on charisma to date is restricted to the area of leadership. In this article, however, charisma is generalized to take in all human beings and is conceptualized as a multi-dimensional cognitive-affective phenomenon. The article presents a pilot study aimed at providing an adequate operational definition of the construct as well as an initial tool for its measurement. A following literature review shows how authors have developed the concept of charisma and its initial operational dimensions for empirical research. A questionnaire is developed in three stages. The factor analyses applied in stages two and three point towards a six-factor solution (i.e. six dimensions of charisma). Further analysis reveals that the developed instrument is reliable and viable as well as applicable for future theoretical and practical work.     

阿伦特人权现象学探微

古典人权理论的本质主义立场将人权归结为人所固有的权利,而忽略了人权得以实现的条件,从而使人沦为没有任何身份的赤裸生命,最终导致人权在现实中很难得到有力的保障。阿伦特从现象学的视角出发,以其富有争议的方式对当代的自明之理提出了挑战,反对用固有的理论范畴来解释人类历史的经验,强调采用新的方式朝向实事本身,重新考虑人权的条件,也即共同体的基础性作用。这种对当代自明之理的尖锐挑战,为我们反思人权问题提供了新的可能性。     

Stress and coping in US organizations: The role of the Employee Assistance Programme

Abstract

The organizational role of the Employee Assistance Programme (EAP) is evaluated with particular respect to managerial and human resources policies and practices. Attention is given to models of the EAP, and an ideal-typical model is discussed. A synoptic view is taken covering the scope of the EAP, the sectors of application, the selection criteria for the EAP, as well as patterns of introduction-all within a contingency framework. A critical analysis is made of the roles of participants within the EAP process, as well as of problematic ethical and professional dimensions which the EAP introduces into organizational functioning. A final section treats the future forms of development which the EAP may follow to satisy both organizational and professional imperatives.     

Midlife Changes

Abstract

The life stage that ranges from approximately age forty to sixty-five in human development is a time of major changes for both men and women, yet this time frame is often neglected or de-emphasized in the intervention context. This article reviews the philosophical, biological, cultural, psychological, and social areas of human development in mid-life. These factors are identified and practice suggestions are made as we enter the new millennium.     

梁漱溟的心性理论评析

梁漱溟的心性理论是其文化哲学思想的一项基本内容。梁漱溟提出“宇宙大生命”之说,用“本能、理智、理性”的三分法和“理性为本,理智为用”的原则,改造传统儒学的心性理论,使之上升到现代哲学的认识论水平,并将真善美的价值作为联结理智和理性（直觉）的中间环节,把两者有机地统一起来,这些都为现代新儒学的进一步发展提供了理论上的新方法,在现代新儒家中也可谓是标新立异、独树一帜的。     

配偶权新论

通过对与“配偶权”概念联系最密切的“家庭功能”、“婚姻本质”两个方面的分析,得出当前我国两性生活形式为一夫一妻制、家庭的社会责任正在弱化、婚姻是一种特殊的人身契约的结论,并以此为前提讨论了配偶权的内容、性质和法律保护。笔者认为配偶权是一种来源于婚姻契约的兼具绝对权、相对权双重性质的人身权,其项下具有多项子权利,对它的保护视侵权人为配偶或第三人而有所不同。     

依法治国是实现人权的根本保障

尊重和保障人权已被写入宪法,充分理解并在社会实践中实现这一原则任重而道远。本文在阐述了人权基本理论内涵和我国人权思想的历史的基础上,提出了应从健全法律体系、完善规章制度以及树立人权理念三方面来尊重和保障人权。