Disappointing and deviant youth and the rage of the elders

A generalized adult hostility toward youth derives from the complexities of the parent/child relationship, often mirrored in the helper/client and therapist/patient dyads. Parents derive considerable or little narcissistic gain from the accomplishments of their offspring, and conversely, are disappointed or even mortified by their failures. This is particularly true of narcissistically vulnerable parents—helpers and therapists as well—and accounts for widespread attitudes of competition, disparagement, and outright hostility toward young people. In the extreme, the pathological situations of emotional exploitation, incest, and physical abuse occur, but lesser forms of exploitation, such as personally gratifying advocacy, political gain, cultism, and enhancement of professional status, point to similar, but seemingly less destructive, forms of narcissistic gain. Youth may respond by conforming, defying, disappointing, and deviating. Adults may be either pleased, or enraged.     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of developmental data

Methods appropriate to the analysis of longitudinal-panel data are not necessarily appropriate to the analysis of developmental data, because of the sequential order that developmental data are assumed to have. This paper compares, using data from a study of social categorization ability, the usual cross-sectional test for cumulative order (Guttman scaling) with a longitudinal test for sequential order using matrices. This matrix-based test is then compared to the analysis of differences in proportions. It is shown that the matrix-based test is more appropriate to the analysis of developmental data than either longitudinal difference-of-proportion analysis or the Guttman scale.     

Modeling oil price fluctuations and international stockpile coordination

Major interruptions in the supply of crude oil in the Middlle East have caused significant economic damage in terms of lost output and incresed inflation in the industrial countries. To the extent that the macroeconomic costs of shocks are a function of the magnitude of the oil price increases, domestic or internationally coordinated policies to restrain oil price increases during disruptions can be beneficial. One such policy initiative is the release of oil held in public stockpiles. We address the motivations for private and public stockpilling in an intertemporal optimizing model. As a special case of our general model, we develop and simulate a model of the world oil market to examine the benefits (in terms of lower world oil prices) of releasing oil from the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve.     

《君主论》的方法论意义

文艺复兴重新发现了世界,也重新发现了人,并带来了政治学的复兴。从马基雅维利开始,政治学研究开始恢复古希腊政治学的理性思考,进入了以人的经验为指导的新时期。在《君主论》中,马基雅维利开创了通过历史和现实中的政治经验来研究政治本质的方法,并第一次将权力、国家作为政治学研究的中心概念,为近代资产阶级政治学乃至后世政治学的发展奠定了理论基础。     

The impact of a Tax-Based Incomes Policy on U.S. macroeconomic performance: An optimal control study

This study attempts to estimate the potential impact of a Tax-Based Incomes Policy (TIP) on macroeconomic performance by applying an optimal control algorithm to the Wharton Quarterly Econometric Model. A TIP is any tax incentive that would induce firms and/or workers to reduce wage increases. Our study is applicable to any version of TIP. To isolate TIP's potential impact, we compare the optimal path of the economy without TIP to the optimal path of the economy with TIP. Our conclusion is that a TIP may be able to significantly improve the path of inflation, unemployment, and real GNP simultaneously.     

Reevaluating the uses of status: The case of earnings determination

Status and prestige variables and measures have been central to the sociological study of individual variations in income and other dependent variables for at least 2 decades. Yet theoretical and methodological rationales for the use of such variables in the explanation of income are problematic. This conclusion, along with some similar conclusions about other uses of status and prestige variables and measures, were reached after a review of Weberian, functionalist, and other prominent discussions of the uses of status/prestige in theory and research on income. It is suggested that an emphasis upon structural attributes of jobs is more promising than a continued emphasis upon evaluatory, status/prestige conceptions of jobs for effective theorizing about income determination. A quantitative analysis of earnings shows that income effects of a common measure of socio-economic status disappear in the context of a rudimentary structural model of income. It is concluded that social scientists should move on to use more varied attributes of jobs and exercise more caution in the use of status and prestige variables.     

英语写作错误分析的个案研究

本文以调查问卷和统计学方法为工具,调查统计了内蒙古工业大学民族预科班学生和高等职业学院学生英文写作中出现的典型错误,通过对比两组学生的典型错误特点,用语言学习的迁移理论和中介语理论的角度给予解释与分析。研究结果表明:以蒙语为母语兼通汉语的预科生与汉语为母语的高职生,虽然都是懂汉语的人,但在学习英语的过程中所形成的中介语却有明显的差异,这一点说明双语人在学习英语(第三种语言)时,会自动借用第一语言和第二语言的语法规则,因此他们的中介语与单语学习者有显著差异。分析结果证实了图式理论应用于语言教学会降低学习难度,简化学习过程。