Causal inferences on the effectiveness of complex social programs: Navigating assumptions,sources of complexity and evaluation design challenges

This paper explores avenues for navigating evaluation design challenges posed by complex social programs (CSPs) and their environments when conducting studies that call for generalizable, causal inferences on the intervention’s effectiveness. A definition is provided of a CSP drawing on examples from different fields, and an evaluation case is analyzed in depth to derive seven (7) major sources of complexity that typify CSPs, threatening assumptions of textbook-recommended experimental designs for performing impact evaluations. Theoretically-supported, alternative methodological strategies are discussed to navigate assumptions and counter the design challenges posed by the complex configurations and ecology of CSPs. Specific recommendations include: sequential refinement of the evaluation design through systems thinking, systems-informed logic modeling; and use of extended term, mixed methods (ETMM) approaches with exploratory and confirmatory phases of the evaluation. In the proposed approach, logic models are refined through direct induction and interactions with stakeholders. To better guide assumption evaluation, question-framing, and selection of appropriate methodological strategies, a multiphase evaluation design is recommended.     

A bibliographic study of public relations in Spanish media and communication journals, 2000–2012

This study analyses the trends and visibility of research on public relations in the most relevant Spanish media and communication journals between the years 2000 and 2012. Bibliometrics and content analysis are used to show the reduced presence of articles on public relations in these publications. A trend towards gender parity in authorship is confirmed in the sample, as well as a plurality of universities and a variety of research themes. The study also proves preference for generic questions rather than for specialised topics. Another finding is that almost one fourth of the specific articles on this discipline do not contain the term “public relations”. This can hint towards the need to have a specific high-impact publication on public relations to bring together and provide visibility to the contributions of researchers in this field.     

The Food Crisis and its Impacts on Poverty in Senegal and Mali: Crossed Destinies

This article uses two CGE macro‐micro models to analyse the distributional impact of the food crisis and policy responses in two neighbouring African countries, both of which are strongly dependent on agriculture. The approach captures structural differences at both the macro and micro level for household income and expenditure structures, and the results reveal differences for poverty impact at the national and sub‐group levels, as well as for inequality and pro‐poor analysis. The importance of country‐specific analysis and the risk of extrapolating conclusions from one country to another are also highlighted.     

徐志摩与罗素的交游及其所受影响

徐志摩1920年离美赴英求学的真正原因不是为师从罗素,而是想追随政治学家拉斯基.徐志摩最终没能够拜罗素为师,也不是因为罗素为了反战和离婚已经被剑桥大学"除名".罗素1921年是主动辞职离开剑桥,与反战和离婚无关.徐志摩于1920年10月与罗素建立联系,当时伦敦英国华人协会、剑桥邪学社分别邀请罗素夫妇发表演讲,徐志摩都是积极的参与者;由于徐志摩的穿针引线,梁启超的英文著作得以纳入由罗素担任学术顾问的"心理学、哲学与科学方法国际文库".徐志摩还著文研究了罗素的政治观、中国观,以及儿童教育思想,这些文章反映了徐志摩对罗素思想的认识及所受影响.     

终身教育对传统教育的冲击及其超越

终身教育是一个人一生所接受的培养的总和,体现了教育终生化和学习的生活化、社会化.它的产生和发展对落后于时代的传统教育的目标、地位、课程及教学等方面形成了冲击.与传统教育相比,终身教育是一种整合性的教育,是一种体现个性和培养完人的教育,它形成了新的学习观并实现了教育价值判断标准的多元化,体现出对传统教育的超越.     

隐私影响评估(PIA)的发展及ISO/IEC 29134: 2017实施探讨

\t\t\t\t\t目的/意义\t\t\t\t\t欧盟《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR) 创设的数据保护影响评估( DPIA) 制度对数据风险防控具有重要意义。借鉴欧盟DPIA制度可以助益于我国企业数据合规、重要数据的保护、数据安全风险评估标准的构建。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t设计/方法\t\t\t\t\t首先,通过梳理DPIA制度的演化背景、理论基础,全面剖析欧盟DPIA制度的应用场景、评估流程、保护模式及惩罚机制。其次,通过梳理相关案例,对事实层面和规范层面我国建立数据影响评估制度的必要性进行分析。再次,对比我国个人信息安全影响评估（PISIA）制度与欧盟DPIA制度在适用阶段、评估目标、评估产物等相关规定的异同,可知前者侧重于对个人信息数据泄露后会对数据主体的影响维度进行分析,后者侧重于对数据主体权益保障维度的分析。最后,以问题为导向,对我国数据保护影响评估制度的建立提出相关建议。\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t结论/发现\t\t\t\t\t完善数据安全风险评估标准的研制、提升数据安全风险评估质效、构建全方位的数据监管体系,不仅是构建法治化的数据安全风险评估制度的需要,更是我国经济实现数字化转型、构建数据安全保障治理体系的迫切需求。\t\t\t\t     

论宗教文化对古代东方文学的影响——东方文学比较研究之一

由于历史和地域的原因,东方一些国家的人民笃信宗教,具有浓厚的宗教感情,因而这些国家的文学受宗教文化影响较深,主要表现为原始宗教、印度宗教、犹太教和伊斯兰教等对文学的影响,这是古代东方文学的一大特点。这种影响有一个演化过程,我们应用历史发展的眼光来看待这种宗教文化对东方文学的影响。     

试论地理环境对古代壮族社会发展的影响

地理环境对社会发展起着重要的作用,尤其是在人类利用自然条件技术和手段相对有限的古代。壮族生存的地理环境并不优越,自然条件相对恶劣,特别是在瘴气广泛分布的古代,在缺乏有效防治手段的情况下,对瘴气的认识更是成为对壮族地区的地域和族群歧视。地理环境对壮族古代社会发展产生了重要的影响,集中表现在经济、政治制度以及文化等方面。     

论卢梭社会契约及民主思想的演变与影响

卢梭的社会契约论及民主思想是西方政治文化传统的重要组成部分,它曾经因功利主义思想的诞生和蔓延而受到抑制。康德为社会契约的道德原则提供了纯粹理性的论证,黑格尔对个人主义的批判则直接威胁了社会契约的理论基础。罗尔斯对社会契约理论和民主思想的重新修正,使其摒弃了超验主义色彩,呈现出程序性和工具性的特点。马克思和恩格斯批判性地继承和发扬了社会契约理论和民主思想,卢梭的社会契约和民主思想在美国和中国革命时期也发挥了重大的作用。社会契约论思想并没有随着社会的发展而沦为一种单纯的历史遗迹。