话轮转换视角下的动态权势关系和人物性格——以《印度之行》某一冲突性话语片段为例

运用会话分析中的话轮转换理论，从语用学和社会语言学角度分析《印度之行》中某一冲突性会话片断的面子威胁行为，可解读文本中人物权势关系的动态平衡和人物性格，并能分析出会话冲突的深层原因是由主要人物所处的殖民统治背景、文化价值取向和人物间不同的社会认同感所致。实例也表明，会话分析理论有助于文学作品的阐释，能使文学批评建立在相对客观的基础上。     

Monitoring and evaluating transition and sustainability of donor-funded programs: Reflections on the Avahan experience

PurposeIn low and middle-income countries, programs funded and implemented by international donors frequently transition to local funding and management, yet such processes are rarely evaluated. We reflect upon experience evaluating the transition of a large scale HIV/AIDS prevention program in India, known as Avahan, in order to draw lessons about transition evaluation approaches and implementation challenges.ResultsIn terms of conceptualizing the transition theory, the evaluation team identified tensions between the idea of institutionalizing key features of the Avahan program, and ensuring program flexibility to promote sustainability. The transition was planned in three rounds allowing for adaptations to transition intervention and program design during the transition period. The assessment team found it important to track these changes in order to understand which strategies and contextual features supported transition. A mixed methods evaluation was employed, combining semi-structured surveys of transitioning entities (conducted pre and post transition), with longitudinal case studies. Qualitative data helped explain quantitative findings. Measures of transition readiness appeared robust, but we were uncertain of the robustness of institutionalization measures. Finally, challenges to the implementation of such an evaluation are discussed.ConclusionsGiven the scarceness of transition evaluations, the lessons from this evaluation may have widespread relevance.     

‘That unit of civilisation’ and ‘the talent peculiar to women’: British employers and their servants in the nineteenth-century Indian empire

Domestic servants across the British Empire were instrumental in constructing colonial domesticity. In metropole and colony, they marked the physical boundaries of the house and family and the categorical boundaries of class, gender and racial difference. However, in colonial India, the gender and racial status of Indian servants, relative to both their colonial employers and their metropolitan counterparts, disrupted the dynamics of dependence that structured metropolitan employer/servant relations and identities. Despite efforts to dutifully ‘civilise’ households according to a ‘British’ standard, the day-to-day reality was one in which ambivalence and uncertainty towards servants were commonplace among colonisers and where servants participated in the creation of a way of life that was specifically colonial, even while it sought to preserve and proselytise ‘Britishness’.     

The Dynamics of Income Growth and Poverty: Evidence from Districts in India

This article examines the dynamics of the income‐distribution pattern in India during the post‐1991 economic reforms. It considers district‐level per‐capita income data across agriculture, manufacturing, services, and various constituent sub‐sectors, and finds evidence in favour of a uniform process of growth across sectors and regions, which has helped to reduce poverty. In particular, the article finds that growth in agricultural income and access to finance are important for this.     

中印经济文化交流新观察——兼论青藏铁路建成通车在对外开放中的重要意义

文章立足当前国际社会和平与发展的主流形势,分析了青藏铁路建成通车对中国和南亚国家尤其是中印间的经济文化交流所带来的重要机遇,认为青藏铁路的建成通车对中国和印度的经济文化交流及发展都具有举足轻重的意义,将会进一步促进两国的友好往来、进一步促进国际社会的和平与和谐发展。     

中国模式到底有多独特——基于中国、印度、巴西经济数据的比较分析

中国通过一系列的政策和手段实现了经济的持续高速增长,根据目前中国的主流观点,高度集中的政治体制、高速的经济增长率以及独特的儒家文化传统等因素,是所谓的“中国模式”的重要特征.然而,通过对比分析中国、印度和巴西的经济发展历史,所谓的“中国模式”的手段、方法不独特,所取得的经济成绩也不独特,甚至它所带来的问题都不独特.     

中国因素对印度外交关系的影响

印度作为一个与中国一样正在崛起的新兴发展中大国,又是与中国为邻的南亚强国,在其＂有声有色＂的大国外交及周边外交中,均不同程度地体现出对中国因素的关注和有效运用。中国因素对印度外交关系的影响主要体现在不断升温的印美关系、印俄关系和印度以＂东向＂政策为主导的亚太外交等方面。印度对外关系中利用中国因素并影响其外交决策是由地缘政治、历史、现实、中巴友好以及印度自身等多种因素促成的。虽然印度外交中有利用中国因素制衡中国的一面,但在今后发展中印关系时应理性对待印度对外关系中存在的中国因素,尽量减少印度利用中国因素对中国可能产生的消极影响,使中印关系朝着更加良性的方向发展。     

如何保障能源安全——以印度炼油业为中心的考察

能源安全的保障是保障国家利益的重要议题。能源安全不仅指谋得更多的份额油供应,能源供应的下游链条同样值得关注。实际上炼油业的发展壮大会从经济资源储备、环境以及地缘政治等多方面对国内能源安全状况的改善产生积极的促进作用。以印度为例,印度是一次能源的进口大国,同时又是汽油、柴油等二次能源的出口大国,目前已是亚洲第二大油品净出口国,这一特殊能源供需格局的形成与其国内炼油业的发展密切相关,其成长与繁荣离不开政府的支持,而其本身又成了印度政府缓解本国能源紧张的得力工具。     

Changing Meanings of Authority in Contemporary Rural India

The article explores political meanings in the context of recent economic and political changes in a village in south India. Cultural constructions of political relations emerged in conversations between the author and village informants in Andhra Pradesh. Informants perceived decline in the power and authority of former village lords and talked about the establishment of authority in the new setting. In processes of democratization which had taken place, showing and receiving honor and respect continued as political and social preoccupations. However, deserving honor and respect has become less a statement about political superiority and domination and more about individual moral qualities.

Creating intentional spaces for sustainable development in the Indian trans-Himalaya: reconceptualizing globalization from below

In an era of globalization, multifaceted and complex changes have increasingly interconnected geographically dispersed places. A central question of globalization studies concerns whether top-down forces of globalization are forging a global culture or whether processes of globalization from below are able to push back against homogenization by appropriating global forces rather than simply being overwhelmed by them. In this paper, I develop the concept of intentional spaces to show how ideas move globally and how local communities appropriate these ideas, revealing the actual practices that happen in the middle of top-down and bottom-up processes of globalization. I identify three types of ‘intentional spaces’ – physical, pedagogical, and ideological – to document the middle: where top down global forces meet local responses, and how these processes unfold. These intentional spaces enable processes of globalization from below, particularly the development of a mode of critical education that is both political and anti-hegemonic. This critical education empowers local people to adapt global/Western perspectives and influences to indigenous perspectives and practices, creating its own discourses of globalization. I use the context of the trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh to consider how national and international forces intersect with the local, and how local communities re-envision their participation in a modern, global economy.