Latent Variable Models in Heterogeneous Spaces for Observations of Mixed Types

The maximum likelihood approach to the estimation of factor analytic model parameters most commonly deals with outcomes that are assumed to be multivariate Gaussian random variables in a homogeneous input space. In many practical settings, however, many studies needing factor analytic modeling involve data that, not only are not multivariate Gaussian variables, but also come from a partitioned input space. This article introduces an extension of the maximum likelihood factor analysis that handles multivariate outcomes made up of attributes with different probability distributions, and originating from a partitioned input space. An EM Algorithm combined with Fisher Scoring is used to estimate the parameters of the derived model.     

Minimum Cost Linear Trend Free 2n-(n-k) Designs of Resolution IV

This article extends the resolution of time trend free designs for sequential 2^n-p experiments from III into IV and minimizes the number of factor level changes between runs (i.e., cost) by constructing a catalog of (2^k?2 ?1) minimum cost linear trend free resolution IV 2^n?(n?k) designs (2^k?2 ≤ n ≤ 2^k?1?2) from the full 2^k factorial experiment using the interactions-main effects assignment technique. Each systematic 2^n?(n?k) design in the catalog is economic in minimum number of factor level changes and allows for the estimation of all n main effects unbiased by either the linear time trend (which may be present in the 2^n?(n?k) sequentially generated responses) or the non negligible two-factor interactions. This article provides for each 2^n?(n?k) design: (1) the defining relation or the alias structure; (2) the k independent generators for sequencing the 2^n?(n?k) runs by the generalized foldover scheme; and (3) the minimum cost represented by the total number of factor level changes between the 2^n?(n?k) runs. All k main effects of the 2^k experiment are excluded from the selection assignment process due to their nonlinear time trend resistance as well as excluding a total of (2^k?1 –k +1) interactions violating the resolution IV requirement.     

Non-orthogonal designs for measuring dispersion effects in sequential factor screening experiments using search linear models

“Dispersion” effects are considered in addition to “Location” effects of factors in the inferential procedure of sequential factor screening experiments with m factors each at two levels under search linear models. Search designs in measuring "Dispersion" and "Location" effects of factors are presented for both stage one and stage two of factor screening experiments with 4 ≤ m ≤ 10.     

《接骨师之女》的儿童伦理成长

《接骨师之女》围绕两代女性的成长故事展开,记述了茹灵和露丝在伦理成长过程中经历的伦理蒙昧、伦理冲突、伦理选择和伦理身份构建。本文从文学伦理学的角度分析了斯芬克斯因子在儿童和成人身上的不同作用,儿童的伦理成长过程离不开成人的帮助和引导,只有尊重儿童、倾听儿童,成人才能帮助儿童顺利地进行伦理成长。     

基于因子分析与ESDA的山东省区域创新能力实证研究

创新能力高低是衡量一个区域竞争力水平的重要标准,提高创新能力可以促进区域经济协调发展.本文以山东省17地市为研究对象,建立了区域创新能力评价指标体系.运用因子分析方法,对山东省17地市区域创新能力进行比较研究,并运用空间自相关对区域创新能力的空间分异进行分析.结果显示,山东省17地市区域创新能力差异较大,存在东部半岛地区创新能力较强,鲁西北和鲁西南相对较弱的现象.针对上述情况,对山东省各地市创新能力建设提出对策建议.     

北方草原文化区构架的自然要素与人文要素

构成中国古代北方草原文化区的要素可以概括为自然要素和人文要素。自然地理学上的区域差异是历史文化区域形成和发展的基础。经济类型和经济成果是构成文化区域特色的各种人文条件的基础。北方草原地区在历史上的经济类型及经济成果,大体可以概括为以游牧为主要经营模式的畜牧业为主,兼有农耕、采集、渔猎等类型的复合性经济类型。多次发生在历史时空中的民族大迁徙和政治统治权力的扩张与更替,推动了北方草原地区地缘政治结构的整合。区域文化的差异性的形成过程是文化区域形成的最显著、最生动的标识。     

Validation of the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale in a Sample of Chinese University Students

The study aims at validating the Temporal Satisfaction With Life Scale (TSWLS; Pavot et al., 1998, `The Temporal Satisfaction With Life Scale', Journal of Personality Assessment 70, pp. 340–354) in a non-western context. Data from 646 Chinese university students (330 females and 316 males) supported the three-factor structure of the TSWLS. However, the first and fifth items in each subscale (past, present, and future) showed a series of problems. With these items excluded, the 9-item model provided a better fit to the data than the 15-item model while the factor structure remained almost unchanged. The author recommends that the 9-item TSWLS be used to measure temporal life satisfaction.     

Three-mode factor analysis with binary core and orthonormality constraints

Summary A constrained version of Three-mode Factor Analysis model is considered in order to make its interpretation easier. The constraints are obtained by fixing some elements of the core to zero and requiring orthonormal factor loadings. An algorithm to solve the related minimization problem and an example of core constraints with theoretically interesting features, are given.     

最低工资对企业长、短期杠杆率的异质性影响

本文基于2007-2012年工业企业和全国县区级最低工资的匹配数据,探讨最低工资对企业杠杆率的影响,研究发现最低工资上升会对企业的长、短期杠杆率产生截然相反的影响。具体而言,最低工资标准每上升10%,企业长期杠杆率将上升0.42个百分点,而短期杠杆率将下降0.29个百分点。针对最低工资对企业长、短期杠杆率的异质性影响,本文给出了两种机制进行解释———“要素替代”和“盈利预期”效应。就作用渠道而言,“要素替代”效应下,最低工资上升意味着资本相对劳动更为便宜,这会促使企业更多地以资本替代劳动,表现为债务的增加,且主要反映在长期债务上。“盈利预期”效应下,企业生产成本上升会恶化企业盈利预期,使得企业减少投资,同时整体性地收缩债务,这主要对应于短期债务调整。进一步,将企业按照高/ 低劳动密集度以及高/ 低市场竞争度进行划分时,异质性分析结果表明,“要素替代”所导致的长期杠杆率上升只在高劳动密集度企业才成立,而“盈利预期”效应导致的短期杠杆率下降只在高市场竞争度企业才成立。