Empirical nonparametric control charts for high-quality processes

For attribute data with (very) small failure rates often control charts are used which decide whether to stop or to continue each time r failures have occurred, for some r?1. Because of the small probabilities involved, such charts are very sensitive to estimation effects. This is true in particular if the underlying failure rate varies and hence the distributions involved are not geometric. Such a situation calls for a nonparametric approach, but this may require far more Phase I observations than are typically available in practice. In the present paper it is shown how this obstacle can be effectively overcome by looking not at the sum but rather at the maximum of each group of size r.     

中国钢铁产业关联效应及国际比较分析

 本文应用投入产出表计算了中国钢铁产业关联效应及其国际比较,并分析了各项最终需求对钢铁产业生产的诱发作用。研究结果显示,我国钢铁产业对黑色金属矿采选业后向直接关联效应明显高于其它七国;包括中国、巴西等在内的发展中国家和韩国等新兴工业化国家的钢铁产业对建筑业的前向关联效应远远高于发达国家;我国钢铁产业对国民经济的拉动效应低于其它七个产钢大国,且其对我国国民经济的推动作用呈降低趋势;投资需求仍然是诱发我国钢铁产业生产的最重要因素,明显高于日本、美国等钢铁强国,也高于印度和巴西等钢产量很大的发展中国家;出口需求对钢铁产业生产的拉动效应明显低于钢产量远小于中国的日本等OECD国家。     

在上海国际航运中心建设中努力建立长三角港口群协调发展机制

本文认为,建立长三角港口群协调发展机制是区域经济发展的需要,是建设上海国际航运中心的必然要求,符合长三角港口发展的内在规律,也符合国家和企业的利益。在长三角港口群建立协调机制有利于统筹规划和科学合理地开发利用区域港口岸线资源,有利于科学配置区域港口集疏运体系和沟通内河通道,有利于规范港口市场和构建区域港口群的协调发展机制,有利于整合信息渠道和建立区域港口信息数据传输共享平台,有利于构建区域港口综合体系和提升国际竞争力。本文设计了长三角港口群协调发展机制的四种可供选择的模式：市场主导型、中央主导型、地方联合型和中央地方联合型,并进行了特点比较,提出了长三角港口群协调发展机制的推进方式。     

中国金融市场的风险构成及其应对策略

经济体制模式和金融体系的开放程度会在基本面上决定一国的金融市场风险构成,不同的市场风险构成会引导政府对金融危机有不同的应对措施.针对有可能再次发生的国际金融危机,如何在理论上概要地梳理出中国金融市场的风险构成,如何依据这些构成来解析国际金融危机对中国发生的冲击及如何应对金融危机,这些问题的研究,要求我们在理论上考察中国现存的各种制度安排与现实的关联,要求我们结合体制模式或制度安排来寻找应对金融危机的方法和途径.国际金融危机在许多领域对中国产生冲击的事实,在规定着政府必须依据现实做出战略决策和手段选择的同时,也对经济理论研究提出了新的任务和要求.本文的分析可视为对这些任务和要求的一种学术讨论.     

论渐进式双语教学在国际贸易专业课程教学中的运用

通过渐进式双语教学,采用＂渗透—整合—思维＂的步骤,循序渐进地实施国贸专业的双语教学,进而使双语教学与学科教学相互促进。     

国际资本流动冲击有利于经济增长吗

本文估算并应用潜在产出描述经济增长,尝试从国际合作角度设定动态结构面板向量自回归模型,识别自发性国际资本流动的综合性结构冲击,并进一步分解为共同冲击和特有冲击,提出研究国际资本流动冲击对经济增长影响的计量思路,以金砖国家为例进行实证分析。研究发现：国际资本流动冲击对金砖各国经济增长的效应因资本账户开放进程而异,但对金砖整体经济增长存在正效应,且不为金砖各国之间的资本流动冲击所扰;将金砖国家视为以国际合作形式联合的整体进行计量分析是可行且有经济意义的。中国应推进包括金砖国家在内的全方位南南合作,不断完善资本账户开放条件,分散国际资本流动冲击并使其有利于长期共同发展。     

Baker- Lin-Huang Type Bivariate Distributions Based on Order Statistics

Baker (2008 Baker, R. (2008). An order-statistics-based method for constructing multivariate distributions with fixed marginals. J. Multivariate Anal. 99: 23122327.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) introduced a new class of bivariate distributions based on distributions of order statistics from two independent samples of size n. Lin and Huang (2010 Lin, G.D., Huang, J.S. (2010). A note on the maximum correlation for Baker’s bivariate distributions with fixed marginals. J. Multivariate Anal. 101: 22272233.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) discovered an important property of Baker’s distribution and showed that the Pearson’s correlation coefficient for this distribution converges to maximum attainable value, i.e., the correlation coefficient of the Fréchet upper bound, as n increases to infinity. Bairamov and Bayramoglu (2013 Bairamov, I., Bayramoglu, K. (2013). From Huang-Kotz distribution to Baker’s distribution. J. Multivariate Anal. 113: 106115.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) investigated a new class of bivariate distributions constructed by using Baker’s model and distributions of order statistics from dependent random variables, allowing higher correlation than that of Baker’s distribution. In this article, a new class of Baker’s type bivariate distributions with high correlation are constructed based on distributions of order statistics by using an arbitrary continuous copula instead of the product copula.     

Prediction of Times to Failure of Censored Items for a Simple Step-Stress Model with Regular and Progressive Type I Censoring from the Exponential Distribution

The problem of predicting times to failure of units from the Exponential Distribution which are censored under a simple step-stress model is considered in this article. We discuss two types of censoring—regular and progressive Type I—and two kinds of predictors—the maximum likelihood predictors (MLP) and the conditional median predictors (CMP) for each type of censoring. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the prediction methods. Using simulation studies, mean squared prediction error (MSPE) and prediction intervals are generated for these examples. MLP and the CMP are then compared with respect to MSPE and the prediction interval.     

Inventory Systems with Unreliable Suppliers

The aim of this article is to establish the optimal control of a periodic-review inventory system with two suppliers. One of them delivers orders immediately, the other one is unreliable delivering the orders immediately only with probability p ∈ (0, 1). Two cases are considered. In the first case, it is possible to order any inventory amount from each of suppliers. In the second case, the system budget is restricted.     

Moments of Order Statistics from Weibull Distribution in the Presence of Multiple Outliers

In this article, we derive exact expressions for the single and product moments of order statistics from Weibull distribution under the contamination model. We assume that X₁, X₂, …, X_{n ? p} are independent with density function f(x) while the remaining, p observations (outliers) X_{n ? p + 1}, …, X_n are independent with density function arises from some modified version of f(x), which is called g(x), in which the location and/or scale parameters have been shifted in value. Next, we investigate the effect of the outliers on the BLUE of the scale parameter. Finally, we deduce some special cases.