中国企业拓展国际市场的模式与策略研究--以荷兰中资企业的实证分析为例

在特定的国外市场选择正确的进入方式是企业国际化进程中最重要的决策之一,也是跨国公司拓展国际市场、实施全球战略的重要思路.本文以企业国际市场进入模式决策的相关理论探讨及模型构建为基础,通过对在荷兰中资企业的实证分析,探讨中国企业如何顺应世界潮流,实施"走出去"战略,选择拓展国际市场的适当模式,以及如何在全球范围内最有效地利用各种经营资源,以提升自己的竞争能力,在跨国竞争中求得生存和发展的相应策略.     

企业国际化经营中关键风险的识别研究

风险识别是企业从事国际化经营时进行风险管理采取的首要步骤,也是进一步实施风险防范与规避的前提和基础.本文以中国企业的国际化经营为研究背景,在对国际风险分类与识别进行理论推导的基础上,通过实证研究,对企业在采取不同国际市场进入模式时所面临的各类风险加以识别,并对关键风险进行聚焦探析.     

考虑通行约束和运力限制的灾后应急物资联合调度优化研究

考虑到灾后路网受损难以运输应急物资，本文研究了应急响应中车辆-直升机联合调度的路径优化问题。针对受灾地区的实时路况，通往灾区的救援工具受到数量以及装载量的约束，本文将受灾点等待救援的平均时间最短以及应急网络总费用最低设为目标，构建运力受限条件下带通行约束的救援物资联合运输多目标优化模型，然后根据随机邻域搜索变异和分级交叉的思想构建出一种带精英策略的非支配排序混合进化算法（NSHEA-II）得到模型的解，并利用算例分析对该算法进行可行性检验。结果发现，本文构建的NSHEA-II算法相对NSGA-II算法能够得到较好的结果且波动性较小，这为决策者制定救援物资的配送方案提供有效的技术支撑。     

SPECIAL ISSUE： REGIONAL CONVERGENCE AND COORDINATED URBAN GROWTH Externalities, Transport Networks and the Economic Growth of Urban Clusters

利用网络分析工具和新经济地理理论对新古典区域经济增长模型进行修正，通过对交易费用的细分构建外部性和运输网络下的城市群经济增长模型，并利用1990-2008年中国部分城市数据和向量自回归模型（VAR）进行实证检验，得出以下结论。在运输网络影响下，中心城市依靠要素集聚获得增长，非中心城市快速接近中心城市。运输网络的改善，将加速中心城市的要素集聚。同时，在保留部分新增要素的情况下，增加节点集聚系数、降低非中心城市问的运输成本，利于非中心城市对外部性的应用，加速其经济增长，促进与中心城市的协同增长。因此，在建设交通运输基础设施时，不仅要重视非中心城市与中心城市的互联互通，更要重视非中心城市间的相互联结。     

Lapses,infidelities, and creative adaptations: Lessons from evaluation of a participatory market development approach in the Andes

Participatory approaches are frequently recommended for international development programs, but few have been evaluated. From 2007 to 2010 the Andean Change Alliance evaluated an agricultural research and development approach known as the “Participatory Market Chain Approach” (PMCA). Based on a study of four cases, this paper examines the fidelity of implementation, the factors that influenced implementation and results, and the PMCA change model. We identify three types of deviation from the intervention protocol (lapses, creative adaptations, and true infidelities) and five groups of variables that influenced PMCA implementation and results (attributes of the macro context, the market chain, the key actors, rules in use, and the capacity development strategy). There was insufficient information to test the validity of the PMCA change model, but results were greatest where the PMCA was implemented with highest fidelity. Our analysis suggests that the single most critical component of the PMCA is engagement of market agents – not just farmers – throughout the exercise. We present four lessons for planning and evaluating participatory approaches related to the use of action and change models, the importance of monitoring implementation fidelity, the limits of baseline survey data for outcome evaluation, and the importance of capacity development for implementers.     

The witch doctor's pharmacist

This article explores the state of, and prospects for, training and development within the South African maritime industry, and is based on a series of in-depth interviews conducted with employers, the principal union, training institutions and regulatory bodies. Findings are that a deeply embedded racial division of labour persists, that there is a serious shortage of employment opportunities, and that training and certification remain fragmented. The article concludes that the quality of training provided is of a high standard, but there is a vital need for a coherent overall policy linking initial training with employment opportunities, ongoing skills development and the promotion of greater equality.     

新形势下铁路货运服务质量存在的问题及对策

针对铁路运输在各种运输方式竞争日趋激烈的环境下面临的压力问题,系统分析了铁路运输的特点,提出开展多式联运是提高铁路货运服务质量和管理水平的关键。建议建立以铁路为骨干的物流网络,在大流通的理念下,积极应对物流发展和货运竞争的新形势,以满足客户的需求。研究结论对提高铁路货运质量有指导意义。     

INFORMATION INTERDEPENDENCE: Keohane and Nye's complex interdependence in the information age

A well-known and respected attempt to theorize interdependence in the field of international relations is complex interdependence. In Power and Interdependence , Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Jr define interdependence as reciprocal effects among actors resulting from 'international transactions - flows of money, goods, people and messages across international boundaries'. Though much research has been done on the effects of interdependence on the first three, the flows of messages have been studied less often. Keohane and Nye addressed the issue in a 1998 article in Foreign Affairs , discussing changes in the global environment resulting from the information age which have had an impact on their ideas. This article proposes to go deeper into complex interdependence. The world is becoming increasingly 'information interdependent' and this essay is an attempt to apply the assumptions and concepts presented in complex interdependence to the information age. In the final analysis, complex interdependence complements research from the field of communications, that information flows should be understood as underlying mechanisms and processes that facilitate contextual understanding of issues. It maintains the integrity of the assumptions of complex interdependence, while adding an understanding of the nature of information and information flows.     

乡村公路建设与新农村建设的关系

在剖析乡村公路建设对新农村建设作用机理的基础上,将交通规划及其评价的相关理论应用于二者的关系研究,并以此为主线介绍了关系研究方法,建立了测算指标体系,并运用统计分析理论对调研数据进行分析测算。分析认为,乡村公路建设与新农村建设高度交叉相关,可以在新农村建设要求的“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”五个方面均做出贡献,是新农村建设的坚实基础。     

辽宁省综合交通运输体系内部分工合理性分析

综合交通运输体系分工合理性研究对促进各种运输方式合理分工、优势互补、协调发展起着重要作用。以平均里程系数为指标，运用实证分析法，得出目前辽宁省综合交通运输体系内部分工比较合理、各种运输方式之间互补性较强但竞争性不明显的结论，并指出应根据辽宁省经济发展需要在综合交通运输体系内部推行非平衡发展战略。