论《巴曼尼得斯篇》中“一”与“是”的辩证关系

在《巴曼尼得斯篇》中,柏拉图分析了各个相之间的关系,提出了它们结合的可能性,以解决极端相反的相在个别事物中共同存在的问题。在各个相中,"一"与"是"的结合具有开创性意义。"一"如果不与"是"相结合的话,它就是孤立绝缘的,最后甚至连自身都不是。而如果"一"与"是"相结合的话,"一"就可以与其它的相联系起来,从而构建出整个世界的网络。柏拉图的"通种论"也是在这个基础之上修改发展而来的。"一"与"是"之间的辩证关系也对后来的哲学家产生了启示作用。     

The role of self-determination theory in marketing science: An integrative review and agenda for research

The marketing literature is replete with the repeated use of traditional theories of behaviour, such as ‘the consumer decision model,’ the ‘theory of buyer behaviour,’ the ‘theory of reasoned action,’ the ‘theory of planned behaviour,’ and ‘the model of goal-directed behaviour.’ The conclusions and criticisms that are drawn from these theories stem from the many ways in which these theories are applied, which reduces the efficiency of these approaches in the sense of predictability and generalizability across different cultures. Moreover, these theories have minimal influence on autonomously motivated behaviours. Despite these limitations, marketing scientists have overwhelmingly applied these theories to predict consumer intention and behaviour. However, theories that are actually capable of explaining consumers' motivations have been surprisingly ignored in the marketing literature; for instance, ‘self-determination theory’ (SDT) is a leading theory of human motivation that has been proven effective at identifying the contingencies that affect motivation and behaviour. Therefore, the goal is to review the marketing research in which SDT is used. To this end, we review all empirical studies published on the subject over a 20-year period. Several clusters of research are identified in which SDT appears to be more promising in addressing marketing problems. Finally, we provide directions for future research in greater detail.     

Alternative Procedures to Discriminate Non Nested Multivariate Linear Regression Models

ABSTRACT

This article builds classical and Bayesian testing procedures for choosing between non nested multivariate regression models. Although there are several classical tests for discriminating univariate regressions, only the Cox test is able to consistently handle the multivariate case. We then derive the limiting distribution of the Cox statistic in such a context, correcting an earlier derivation in the literature. Further, we show how to build alternative Bayes factors for the testing of nonnested multivariate linear regression models. In particular, we compute expressions for the posterior Bayes factor, the fractional Bayes factor, and the intrinsic Bayes factor.     

APPLYING THE SAVAGE-DICKEY DENSITY RATIO TO DEFAULT BAYES FACTORS,WITH AN ILLUSTRATION TO OUTLIER DETECTION IN RANDOM EFFECTS MODELS

When no information is available and hence improper noninformative priors should be used, Bayes factor includes the unspecified constants and can not be calibrated. To solve this problem, we modify the intrinsic Bayes factor (IBF) of Berger and Pericchi 1-2 Berger, J. O. and Pericchi, L. R. 1996. The Intrinsic Bayes Factor for Model Selection and Prediction. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 91: 109–122. Berger, J. O. and Pericchi, L. R. 1998. Accurate and Stable Bayesian Model Selection: The Median Intrinsic Bayes Factor. Sankhya, Series B, 60: 1–18.   and the fractional Bayes factor (FBF) of O'Hagan [3] O'Hagan, A. 1995. Fractional Bayes Factors for Model Comparison. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 57: 99–138.  [Google Scholar] with the generalized Savage-Dickey density ratio of Verdinelli and Wasserman [4] Verdinelli, I. and Wasserman, L. 1995. Computing Bayes Factors Using a Generalization of Savage-Dickey Density Ratio. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90: 614–618. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]. These modified IBF and FBF are applied to detecting outliers in random effects models with a mean-shift structure. The proposed methodology is exemplified by a simulation experiment with a generated data set and also applied to a real data set, Dyestuff data in Box and Tiao [5] Box, G. E.P. and Tiao, G. C. 1973. Bayesian Inference in Statistical Analysis U.S.A.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co..  [Google Scholar]     

Intrinsic Bayesian inference on a Poisson rate and on the ratio of two Poisson rates

Our purpose is to explore the intrinsic Bayesian inference on the rate of a Poisson distribution and on the ratio of the rates of two independent Poisson distributions, with the natural conjugate family of priors in the first case and the semi-conjugate family of priors defined by Laurent and Legrand (2011) in the second case. Intrinsic Bayesian inference is derived from the Bayesian decision theory framework based on the intrinsic discrepancy loss function. We cover in particular the case of some objective Bayesian procedures suggested by Bernardo when considering reference priors.     

《离骚》“高冠”新解

作为屈原形象特征的“高冠长剑”,并不是诗人用以表示自己异于众人的服饰,其只是楚国的普通士服,但却有着通神的象征意义,是楚地祭祀文化的集中体现。在诗中“高冠长剑”具有双重含义,既指通神,又喻美德。     

西方生态伦理思想的内在价值论及其现实意义

人类的价值意识取向决定着人类的行动。自然内在价值是人类面对日益严峻的环境问题,对人类中心主义价值观反思而得出的一种新兴伦理学范畴。自然价值论的宗旨是通过肯定自然界的内在价值,主张人与自然界之间具有必然的伦理关系,把传统人类道德原则扩展到人与自然的关系上,调整人类不合理的行为活动,缓和人与自然环境之间的尖锐矛盾,约束人对自然的道德行为,改善人们人与自然的关系,实现经济、社会、生态的良性循环与发展。     

中西文化差异的经济观探析－兼论对我国文化体系变迁的影响

在21世纪,中西文化的差异和冲突将对我国的现代化建设产生极其深远的影响.本文从自然观、思维方式、文化心理、政治观念、外在形态等方面总结了中西方文化差异,着重从经济形态方面分析了中西文化差异产生的逻辑线索,概括总结了历史上在重建中国文化价值体系问题上的不同思潮并提出了作者的见解.     

Evolutionarily Stable Co-operative Commitments

If contracts cannot be fully specified Pareto optimal results may be closed off because individuals cannot rationally trust each other's promises. This paper assumes that human individuals can become internally committed not to act opportunistically and that others can detect to a certain extent whether they are dealing with an uncommitted (untrustworthy) or a committed (trustworthy) partner. Adopting an `indirect evolutionary approach' we show that co-operative commitments can survive in evolutionary competition even if conventional mechanisms like repetition, reputation, contract or promising are lacking. If detection of uncommitted individuals is neither too costly nor too unreliable there will in general be a `niche' for both committed and uncommitted actors even in one off large numbers' interactions.     

面向就业计算机实验的创新与探索

随着信息技术在高等教育领域的普遍应用,师生对建立网络实验室的呼声越来越高。学生可以通过网络实验室更好地提升能力,在未来激烈的就业竞争中占领先机;教师可以通过网络实验室开展网络科研和学习,从而更好地推动网络科研项目的开展。