论禅宗感悟与语文学习的融通

为改变当前语文教学及研究与“应试教育”结伴而行“共生”的过于理性化、精确化、繁琐化等不良倾向,应该发掘语文学习与禅宗感悟的相通之处,强调情感体验对语文学习的重要作用。要关注语文学习的因人而异、“悟”有深浅;要领会语文学习的渐修渐“悟”、循序渐进;要感受语文学习的静中求“悟”、蓄势顿“悟”;从而提高语文学习的效率、质量与审美鉴赏力。     

关于自然内在价值的哲学反思

自然是否具有内在价值是当代环境伦理学研究中人类中心论与非人类中心论争论的焦点。“自然具有内在价值”成立的根本点在于必须符合“人具有内在价值”成立的内在逻辑,即“X 为主体是X具有内在价值的充分且必要条件”。同时,“主体性是主动性”应该是判定某实体是否为主体的标准,现代科学已证明自然生命体存在着主动性即主体性,因而自然可以成为主体。“自然具有内在价值”符合“人具有内在价值”成立的内在逻辑。     

竞争优势感知、个人声誉激励与知识工作者的内生动机:以知识的隐性程度为调节变量

知识工作者从事着复杂的、高度依赖于情境的知识工作,他们构成了知识型企业的价值来源。因此,如何管理和激励知识工作者已成为现代管理者所必须面对的管理挑战。理解知识工作者的内生动机是应对这一管理挑战的关键所在。本研究以自主理论为理论基础,探讨了个人获得的来自知识的竞争优势和个人声誉这两个影响知识工作者自主性和胜任力的重要因素对其内生动机的作用机理。以两家大型商业银行信贷业务人员为研究对象,本文的实证研究表明,个人声誉激励和个人来自知识的竞争优势的感知直接强化了个体从事知识工作的内生动机,竞争优势感知在个人声誉激励与内生动机之间起着部分中介作用,知识的隐性程度影响着整个过程。我们的研究检验了自主理论,对帮助企业管理和激励知识工作者有着直接的现实价值。     

Carry a big stick,or no stick at all: Punishment and endowment heterogeneity in the trust game

We investigate the effect of costly punishment in a trust game with endowment heterogeneity. Our findings indicate that the difference between the investor and the allocator’s initial endowments determines the effect of punishment on trust and trustworthiness. Punishment fosters trust only when the investor is wealthier than the allocator. Otherwise, punishment fails to promote trusting behavior. As for trustworthiness, the effect is just the opposite. The higher the difference between the investor and the allocator’s initial endowments, the less willing allocators are to pay back. We discuss the consistency of our findings with social preference models (like inequality aversion, reciprocity), the capacity of punishment (i.e., the deterrence hypothesis) and hidden costs of punishment (i.e., models of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation). Our results are hardly coherent with the first two (inequality aversion and deterrence), but roughly consistent with the latter.     

从价值观差异看汉英寒暄交谈

寒暄交谈是一种表示应酬的辅助性语言,具有缩短交际者之间的社会距离和维持人际关系的社会功能,也是社会生活和文化的真实反映。汉英寒暄交谈深层次上受制于东西方两种价值观。从价值观的道德取向、人际关系取向、时间取向、审美取向、金钱取向方面探讨汉英寒暄交谈的差异,以窥价值观对语言的渗透。     

The Link Between the Quality of the Supervisor–Employee Relationship and the Level of the Employee's Job Satisfaction

This study explores Leader–Member Exchange Theory (LMX Theory), which theorizes when leaders and followers have good exchanges or high quality effective LMX relationships, they share mutual trust, feel better, accomplish more, and the overall unit performance within organization is enhanced. The specific focus of this study is on whether high-quality leader member exchange is positively related to job satisfaction, which can lead to positive outcomes for organizations and ultimately provide organizations the solution to remaining competitive in this new economy. The findings were discussed from the perspective of the advantages available to organizations relative to the many positive organizational outcomes that result from high-quality effective LMX and individual job satisfaction for employees.     

An Appreciation of Balanced Loss Functions Via Regret Loss

We examine balanced loss functions, which account for both estimation error and goodness of fit (or proximity to a “target” estimator), in terms of their regret losses, providing new insight and interpretations. This also shows a connection between quadratic balanced loss and usual quadratic loss, which easily converts frequentist and Bayesian results for quadratic loss to related results for quadratic balanced loss and vice versa. Some implications of these results for Stein-rule estimators under linear regression are discussed. We also examine regret losses corresponding to several non-quadratic balanced loss functions.     

白诗柳词之可比性及内在成因

以宋词比诸唐诗,柳永的词和白居易的诗具有很强的可比性,具体表现为作品取材生活化、琐细化,叙事达情务繁务尽,艺术风格浅近轻俗等。白诗柳词这种相似性的内在成因,除了艺术上自觉的共同追求,受到相似的社会文化思潮影响外,还在于他们心灵上的契合。     

The Mean Squared Error Optimum Design Criterion for Parameter Estimation in Nonlinear Regression Models

In the context of nonlinear regression models, we propose an optimal experimental design criterion for estimating the parameters that account for the intrinsic and parameter-effects nonlinearity. The optimal design criterion proposed in this article minimizes the determinant of the mean squared error matrix of the parameter estimator that is quadratically approximated using the curvature array. The design criterion reduces to the D-optimal design criterion if there are no intrinsic and parameter-effects nonlinearity in the model, and depends on the scale parameter estimator and on the reparameterization used. Some examples, using a well known nonlinear kinetics model, demonstrate the application of the proposed criterion to nonsequential design of experiments as compared with the D-optimal criterion.     

内在与超越——内在意识形而上学的根本焦虑

西方传统哲学在其本质上是内在意识的形而上学,而超越西方传统哲学也就是要超越内在意识的形而上学。内在意识的形而上学,既要内在于意识,又要超越意识自身,这本身就存在着一个逻辑上的悖论,所以,内在与超越是内在意识形而上学乃至整个西方传统哲学的根本焦虑。而摆脱这种焦虑的可能道路就是走向非哲学的思想。