从《院长的十二月》看贝娄对大众传媒的批判

《院长的十二月》是美国小说家和1976年诺贝尔文学奖得主索尔·贝娄的代表性作品。借助鲍德里亚的媒介理论对贝娄的小说《院长的十二月》进行解读,从大众传媒与权力的合谋及大众传媒对真实的解构两个方面进行分析,认为贝娄在小说中对大众传媒的负面影响进行了深刻的批判。     

皮亚杰认知发展阶段理论及其对教学的启示

皮亚杰认为 :儿童的认知发展经历从感知运动、前运算、具体运算到形式运算四个主要阶段 ,不同阶段各有其认知发展方面的主要特点 ,所有儿童的认知发展都是按照这样的发展顺序发展起来的。这一理论对教学上的启示主要有二 :一是儿童认知发展的阶段特征制约教学 ,教学要适应儿童认知发展的阶段特征 ,在课程设置、教学内容、方法等方面充分体现这些特点 ;二是教学要努力促进儿童认知发展阶段的过渡 ,提高儿童认知发展的水平。     

波德里亚对技术社会的后现代主义批判

作为具有世界影响的后现代主义领军人物,波德里亚对现代技术社会进行了深刻的和富有特征的批判。其批判性的成果主要针对三个方面来展开,即现代技术本身的性质、技术社会与消费主义的内在联系以及现代技术的本质在大众媒体中的完成。这三个方面的批判性分析在一定的意义上汲取了马克思学说的灵感,并承继着法兰克福学派社会批判理论的传统,但其基本性质乃是后现代主义的。因此,从马克思主义的观点看,虽然波德里亚对现代技术社会的批判是深刻的和切中肯綮的,但却包含着明显的理论局限性他的批判从根本上来说缺乏一种积极的、建设性的基础,从而使这一批判最终归于疏阔散宕。     

Spiritual Transformations in Clinical Relationships Between Social Workers and Individuals Living with Disabilities

Abstract

Some individuals living with disabilities have expressed a need to have spirituality recognized within clinical relationships. Social workers and other professionals have not responded to this need and therefore, there is a growing difference between what individuals with disabilities need and what clinicians, including social workers, are providing. Jean Vanier is a Canadian who has spiritual wisdom gained from over 40 years of living with people who have disabilities. Applying insights from both Vanier and transformational learning theory, this paper demonstrates that Vanier's approach is an important resource as social workers integrate spirituality into the clinical relationship with disabled individuals.     

走出房间的天使——伍尔芙笔下的简·奥斯丁和乔治·艾略特

《普通读者》中伍尔芙用轻松浪漫的笔调为读者呈现了一个天资聪慧、与众不同的简·奥斯丁,用写实的文字展示了一个出生卑微、柔中有韧的乔治·艾略特。前者的浪漫实际是在叙述一种理想,轻松背后更多是沉重;后者的写实则侧重表达抗争,直白之下更多是钦佩。同时伍尔芙用自己小说家兼评论家的实力,通过对两位女作家作品的细致品析让我们感受到她们即使令男人们也艳羡的成就。这一切都表达了伍尔芙作为女性同时也是女权主义评论家对父权制社会的控诉、对遭受不公的女性的同情和对理想社会的期待。     

赌徒、眩晕和侍者--萨特自由观探析

萨特的自由哲学奠基于自在的存在和自为的存在这两个基本概念,其含义是意识不受任何规定和限制,其核心是对本质的不断超越,其鲜明特征是自由对每一个人不可剥夺,其伦理意义是,自由意味着个体忍受焦虑,甘冒风险,不断选择,勇于行动.     

中法早期关系史：柏朗嘉宾与鲁布鲁克出使蒙元帝国

今年是中法建交50周年。中法关系发展史,大致可分为四个发展阶段。它是从13世纪时,由教宗英诺森四世和法国国王路易九世,派往蒙元帝国的方济各会士柏朗嘉宾与鲁布鲁克而开始的。此前,西方有关中国的知识,都是经间接渠道而风传的。这两名方济各会士出使蒙元帝国,是当时大历史背景下的产物。其目的主要是调查令西方人感到胆战心惊的蒙元帝国的民族、地理、人文、军事和西进动向,借机劝阻蒙古人停止征战并接受基督宗教的归化。他们一方面是为了应对蒙古人的西征,另一方面又想与蒙古人结盟而夹击他们的另一个宿敌穆斯林。使者们的部分目的实现了,其主要目的却落空了。但中西方高层之间,由此建立了直接联系,从而开启了沿革至今的中法关系史。     

马克思与种族中心主义——鲍德里亚《生产之镜》的批判性解读

青年鲍德里亚在《生产之镜》一书中,批评马克思的历史唯物主义是西方中心主义的逻辑,因为马克思将一定历史条件下存在于欧洲的资本主义生产模式非历史地扩展到全部历史和其他文化中中去了,他甚至反对马克思关于"人体解剖是猴体解剖的钥匙"的观点.文本深入分析了鲍德里亚的上述质疑,指认了他错误地将人类社会中存在的劳动和物质生产等同于资本主义生产和经济模式,再把马克思的历史观妖魔化为简单的历史公式论,才会得出历史唯物主义等于西方中心主义和种族中心论的可笑断言.     

The sensitivity of developing countries to external shocks in an interdependent world

North-South interdependence is illustrated by means of a general equilibrium model, in which the rural and urban sectors are treated entirely separately and urban real wages are downward rigid. We explain why such an approach may be more meaningful for long-run analysis than one that stresses the role of demand. The model's properties are illustrated by a theoretical analysis based on a simplified version of the system, and by simulations based on assumptions made by World Bank Staff in the 1983 World Development Report.     

Use of drawings in evaluating children who may be incest victims

Five semi-structured drawing tasks are described which have been helpful in evaluating children who may be incest victims. Such children can be asked to do a kinetic family drawing, a drawing of the alleged perpetrator, a drawing of their house, a drawing of their own body, or a drawing of a dream. In a sample of 19 alleged victims, all children under 12 drew freely and expressed relief at being asked to draw. Children 12 and over tended to accept a drawing task only if it was structured as diagramming. These tasks were also found to be helpful in evaluating brothers of alleged victims to determine how aware the boys were of the incest situation and how critical it was for them to be included in therapy. Such drawings can be collected in pediatric and gynecologic settings as well as in the playroom. Use of drawings allows the physician to respect the child's developmental needs while obtaining the information about the incest complaint necessary for medical, protective, and forensic purposes.